第1个回答 2008-11-09
翻译中词性转化分析
燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢？
Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; （原文中的“再来”是动词，而译文却用the time of return来对等，其用意是更能强调这一段时间，若只是单单用动词return则会让人感觉是一个瞬间的动作）willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now, you the wise（原文中的“聪明的”是形容词，而译文用you the wise翻译，the wise 是名词词性,you和the wise是并列的同位语） tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? - If they had been stolen by someone（原文文中是主动的，有人偷，而译文中则变为had been stolen被人偷，更贴近英语的习惯用法）, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment? & g. }" W% w5 \- w8 o
《匆匆》（朱自清） Rush
不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气
but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house
{沉闷这个词在这里不是形容词，而是名词，所以用gloomy加上词尾-ness构成了表示状态的名词}。
就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托。
Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off
我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子。
It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame
（“窗子里”，而英文却不能说in a windowpane，windowpane指的是窗子上的玻璃，这就是用behind的原因。）
有了门，我们可以出去
a door makes it possible for one to go out
（有了门”不能译成with a/the door，因为这里不是说有还是没有，而是有门存在，人们就可以进出房屋。动词“有”译为名词“a door”）
有了窗，我们可以不必出去
whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to
（Whereas而……。这是一个连接词，表示一种前后的比较或对照。这里的句型和上面是一样的，但是后面的not to have to 是不定式的否定形式，后面省略了go out. ）
钱钟书散文本回答被提问者采纳