to do和doing做主语的区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

一般情况下,to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么 ；doing 是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么,也有例外,具体情况具体分析.
to do和doing 意义各不同
　　1 stop doing/to do 　　　　stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事.　　　　stop doing 停止做某事.
They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟.I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了.
　　2 forget doing/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事.(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事.(已做)
The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了.(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了.( 已做过关灯的动作) Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来.(to come动作未做)
　　3 remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
　　Remember to go to the post office after school.　　记着放学后去趟邮局.　　Don't you remember seeing the man before?　　你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
　　4 regret doing/to do 　　　　regret to do 对要做的事遗憾.(未做) 　　　　regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔.(已做)
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.　　我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法.I don't regret telling her what I thought.　　我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔.
　　5 cease doing/to do 　　　　cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事.　　　　cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做.
That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部门已不复存在.The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天.
　　6 try doing/to do try to do 努力,企图做某事.try doing 试验,试着做某事.
　　You must try to be more careful.　　你可要多加小心.　　I tried gardening but didn't succeed.　　我试着种果木花卉,但未成功.
　　7 go on doing/to do 　　　　go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事.　　　　go on doing 继续做原来做的事.
After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics.做完数学后,他接着去做物理.Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
　　8 be afraid doing/to do 　　　　be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕"； 　　　　be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果.doing 是客观上造成的,意为"生怕,恐怕".
　　She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.　　她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步.　　She was afraid to wake her husband.　　她不敢去叫醒她丈夫.　　She was afraid of waking her husband.　　她生怕吵醒她丈夫.
　　9 be interested doing/to do interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事.interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法.
　　I shall be interested to know what happens.　　我很想知道发生了什么事.(想了解) 　　I'm interested in working in Switzerland.Do you have any idea about that?　　我对在瑞士工作感兴趣.你想过这事吗?(一种想法)
　　10 mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着
I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去.To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力.
　　11 begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.
　　1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴?　　2) begin,start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry.我开始生起气来.　　3) 在attempt,intend,begin,start 后接know,understand,realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do.I begin to understand the truth.我开始明白真相.　　4) 物作主语时 It began to melt.
　　12 感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词 see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了.(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 昨天我见他正在花园里干活.

Answer 2

　　to do和 doing 作主语的区别
　　1）一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为动作时多用动名词doing；表示比较具体的某次行为动作时多用不定式to do。如：
　　No smoking is permitted here.
　　It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Reading more is necessary.
　　It is quite necessary to read it again.
　　2）在许多情况下，两者可以互换，意义上没有太大的差别。如： Seeing him happy made me happy too. It made me happy to see him happy.
　　It is useless learning something without practising it. It is useless to learn something without practising it.
　　3）在 there is no ... 句型中的主语只能用动名词doing，并且不能带逻辑主语。
　　4）doing 作主语时强调的是做那件事的状态，而to do 作主语时主要表示一般现在时或者是将来时的事情。

Answer 3

不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语，一般说来, 有下面几点须给予注意：
(1) 不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为；而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为。如：
To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。
Riding a bike can make a man smart. 骑单车能使一个人敏捷。
(2) 在疑问句中，只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如：
(3) 在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如：It is no use doing…/ It is no good doing… / It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhile doing…如：
It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him. 跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。
(4) 一般说来，作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致，即：或同时为不定式，或同时为-ing分词。如：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
但是，在现代英语中，当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时，主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致，即，主语用动名词，而表语用动词不定式。如：
Waving your hand is to say “Good-bye”. 挥手就是说“再见”。
Nodding your head is to say “Yes”. 点头就是说“对，是的”。

Answer 4

Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如：
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is no use asking him for help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
(85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
It /There is no use crying over the split milk.
It /There is no help taking this medicine.
但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93) There is no good for us to do that exercise.
3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
How to solve the problem is a hot potato.
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
What to do next is up to you.
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Answer 5

答：不定式to do sth. 和动名词doing sth. 都可以作主语。
不定式表示具体的、将要发生的事情，动名词表示抽象的、一般的事情。
如：To clear the blackboard is your job today.
Clearing the blackboard is an easy job.
有时两者意思差不多如：
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
用形式主语it 而将真正的主语后置时，一般用不定式：
it is important to do sth.
It is good manners to do sth.
只有以下两个名词作表语时，用动名词：
it is no good/use doing sth.