to do 和 doing作主语的区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

to
do和
doing
作主语的区别
　　1）一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为动作时多用动名词doing；表示比较具体的某次行为动作时多用不定式to
do。如：
　　No
smoking
is
permitted
here.
　　It
is
not
very
good
for
you
to
smoke
so
much.
Reading
more
is
necessary.
　　It
is
quite
necessary
to
read
it
again.
　　2）在许多情况下，两者可以互换，意义上没有太大的差别。如：
Seeing
him
happy
made
me
happy
too.
It
made
me
happy
to
see
him
happy.
　　It
is
useless
learning
something
without
practising
it.
It
is
useless
to
learn
something
without
practising
it.
　　3）在
there
is
no
...
句型中的主语只能用动名词doing，并且不能带逻辑主语。
　　4）doing
作主语时强调的是做那件事的状态，而to
do
作主语时主要表示一般现在时或者是将来时的事情。

Answer 2

Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如：
It
is
not
easy
to
learn
English
well.
It
is
no
use
asking
him
for
help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
To
see
is
to
believe.
=
Seeing
is
believing.
(眼见为实)
(85)It
is
better
to
stay
home
than
_A__
out.
A.
to
go
B.
going
C.
go
D.
gone
Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_B_
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
A.
The
walk
B.
Walking
C.
To
walk
D.
Walk
2.在”There/It
+be+
no
use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
It
/There
is
no
use
crying
over
the
split
milk.
It
/There
is
no
help
taking
this
medicine.
但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93)
There
is
no
good
for
us
to
do
that
exercise.
3.不定式可以和when,
where,
how,
what,
whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
How
to
solve
the
problem
is
a
hot
potato.
Where
to
put
the
box
seems
hard
to
decide.
Whether
to
do
it
hasn’t
been
decided.
What
to
do
next
is
up
to
you.