第1个回答 2012-03-26
中国的长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建筑工程,它始建于2000多年前的春秋战国时期,秦朝统一中国之后联成万里长城。汉、明两代又曾大规模修筑。其工程之浩繁,气势之雄伟,堪称世界奇迹。岁月流逝,物是人非,如今当您登上昔日长城的遗址,不仅能目睹逶迤于群山峻岭之中的长城雄姿,还能领略到中华民族创造历史的大智大勇。
长城位于中国北部,东起山海关,西到嘉峪关,全长约6,700公里,通称万里长城。
长城的修建持续了两千多年,根据历史记载,从公元前七世纪楚国筑“方城”开始,至明代(1368-1644年)共有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城,其中秦、汉、明三个朝代长城的长度都超过了5千公里。如果把各个时代修筑的长城加起来,总长度超过了5万公里; 如果把修建长城的砖石土方筑一道1米厚、5米高的大墙,这道墙可以环绕地球一周有余。
长城的主体工程是绵延万里的高大城墙,大都建在山岭最高处,沿着山脊把蜿蜒无尽的山势勾画出清晰的轮廓,塑造出奔腾飞跃、气势磅礴的巨龙,从而成为中华民族的象征。在万里城墙上,分布着百座雄关、隘口,成千上万座敌台、烽火台,打破了城墙的单调感,使高低起伏的地形更显得雄奇险峻,充满巨大的艺术魅力。
各地的长城景观中,北京八达岭长城建筑得特别坚固,保存也最完好,是观赏长城的最好地方。此外还有金山岭长城、慕田峪长城、司马台长城、古北口长城等。天津黄崖关长城、河北山海关、甘肃嘉峪关也都是著名的长城游览胜地。
中国万里长城是世界上修建时间最长,工程量最大的冷兵器战争时代的国家军事性防御工程,凝聚着我们祖先的血汗和智慧,是中华民族的象征和骄傲。
根据历史记载,从战国以来,有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。最早是楚国,为防御北方游牧民族或敌国,开始营建长城,随后,齐、燕、魏、赵、 秦等国基于相同的目的也开始修筑自己的长城。秦统一六国后,秦始皇派著名大将蒙恬北伐匈奴,把各国长城连起来,西起临姚,东至辽东,绵延万余里,遂称万里长城,这就是“万里长城”名字的由来。但今天我们所见到的主要是明长城。
秦长城只有遗迹残存。秦始皇为了修筑长城动用了30万人,创造了人类建筑史上的奇迹。长城的修建客观上起到了防止匈奴南侵,保护中原经济文化发展的积极作用。孙中山先生曾评价:“始皇虽无道,而长城之有功于后世,实上大禹治水等”。
汉代继续对长城进行修建。从文帝到宣帝,修成了一条西起大宛贰师城,东至黑龙江北岸,全长近一万公里,古丝绸之路有一半的路程就沿着这条长城,是历史上最长的长城。 到了明代,为了防御鞑靼、瓦刺族的侵扰,从没间断过长城的修建,从洪武至万历,其间经过20次大规模的修建,筑起了一条西起甘肃的嘉峪关,东到辽东虎山,全长6350公里的边墙。(但据报道,1990年一个徒步走完长城全长的中国人的计步器显示的是6700公里。)
长城有极高的旅游观光价值和历史文化意义。现在经过精心开发修复,山海关、居庸关八达岭、司马台、慕田峪、嘉峪关等处已成为驰名中外的旅游胜地。 蹬高远眺,凭古怀幽,古战场的金戈铁马似乎就在眼前。如今,长城与埃及的金字塔,罗马的斗兽场,意大利的比萨斜塔等同被誉为世界七大奇迹,是中华民族古老文化的丰碑和智慧结晶,象征着中华民族的血脉相承和民族精神。
第2个回答 2015-09-03
In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the completion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.
In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never smiled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.
Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread.