请问初中的英语语法都有哪些啊？

Question

好像不止这些吧？

Answer 1

基本句型一： S V （主＋谓）

基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五; S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

八大时态
一、 一般现在时：

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

二、 一般过去时：

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、 现在进行时：

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句： How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、 过去进行时：

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构：was/were+doing

4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

五、 现在完成时：

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构：have/has + done

4.否定形式：have/has + not +d one.

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.

It has been raining these days.

六、 过去完成时：

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本结构：had + done.

4.否定形式：had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

七、 一般将来时：

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.

4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

八、 过去将来时：

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.

4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day

1. 人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour

7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter

8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day

Answer 2

定语从句，间接引语和直接引语，状语从句，名词性从句，被动语态，非谓语动词。。。。希望对你有帮助

Answer 3

一般现在时：主语+动词原形/单三人称+...。
一般过去时：主语+动词的过去式+...。
一般将来时：主语+shall/will/be going to+动词原形 +...。
现在进行时: 主语+be（is/are/am)+doing+...。
过去进行时: 主语+be（was/were)+doing+...。
现在完成时: 主语+has/have+动词过去分词+...。
过去完成时：主语+had+动词过去分词 +...。
过去将来时：主语+would+动词原形+...。一定对的，快快采纳哟！
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：
从句
从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种，由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及there be句型。
1．定语从句
限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如：
1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830．
2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn．
代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：
1.I care anything that has something to do with it．
2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him．
3.That is the last time we met each other．
4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday．
who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。例如:
1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production．
2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．
3.The next morning when she came down to breakfast Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery．
4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department．
在下列情况，限定性定语从句的关系代词可以省略：
1)当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语；或它们在从句中作介词的宾语，而该介词又在句末时；
2)当先行词是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代词时，或先行词前有一个最高级形容词修饰时；
3)当先行词前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修饰时，或先行词就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名词时，关系代词即可省略。例如：
1.The delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived．
2.I met the woman you told me about．
3.She gave me all she could afford．
4.With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening．
非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如:
1.The telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell．
2.The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home President 3.Franklin D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945．
4.Living in a damp house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone．
2．状语从句
状语从句可分为：时间状语从句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas，Until，while等连词引导)，结果状语从句(由so…that和such…that连接)，让步状语从句(由though，although no matter，even if however，whatever等词引导)，原因状语从句(由as，because，since和for引导)，条件状语从句(由if whether，as long as，provided that等词引导)，地点状语从句(由where引导)，行为方式状语从句(由as引导)。有时条件状语从句中，主句不可以用将来时，而用一般时代替。例如：
1.The small greenish flowers of the elm tree appear in the Spring long before the leaves grow.
2.QiongYao's novels used to be so popular that her books appeared on best-seller lists.
3.Gas balloon is less safe than hot balloon because it may catch fire.
4.Uniform acceleration (同样的加速) occurs if the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time．
5.Thousands of Chinese college students went to the US Consulate 6.Shanghai，where they protested NATO's bombing at China's Embassy in Yugoslavia.
状语从句中的 “主语+be”可以省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词／过去分词介词短语／形容词／名词短语”。) 例如：
1.When well fitted glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes．
2.If necessary，I would like to see you in your office.
3.Although seriously wounded，he never complained．
3．名词从句
名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句，其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1）主语从句
主语从句常出现在it is+名词、形容词、分词+主语从句”的形式中。例如：
1.It is reported that Taiwanese pop singer Meng Tingwei will hold a solo concert in Shanghai someday this month．
2.It must be pointed out that you have failed to meet the deadline．
3.It usually happened that I was late because of traffic jams.
主语从句还可用when，where，how，why，whether等连接副词，和who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接代词来引起。例如：
1.How to arrange the meeting is not your task．
2.Whose candidate will win the election is the question both political parties are asking．
3.When I leave is my own decision.
4.Whoever will go to the party won't change my mind of staying at home．
2)宾语从句
宾语从句可由that 疑问代词或副词how，why和where等引出。例如：
1.To postpone the conference until next month indicated that they were unprepared．
2.Nearly a11 the staff agreed with what I said．
3.Everyone worried about her because no one was aware of where she had gone．
4.Could you offer more details except that it happened at night?
由what，whether，how引导的宾语从句可用在介词后，而由that引导的从句只跟but，besides，except，in save之后。例如:
1.I can hardly believe in what they have done.
2.He doesn’t know my phone number except that the city code is 021.
一些表语性的形容词，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished certain，confident disappointed glad pleased proud sad shocked sure surprised worried ect.做表语时，后面可跟由that how等引导的宾语从句。例如：
1.I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures．
2.He is confident that he will pass the Band 6 examination．
3.She was surprised how simple his problem is．
4.We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination.
3)表语从句
表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。b表语从句也可用连接词how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“this／that／it is because” 结构中。例如：
1.A logarithm(对数) is what is known in algebra exponent(代数的指数)．
2.One thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable．
3.She works too hard；That is why she is exhausted．
4.I must point out that where you intend to build a super-market is where the elderly do exercise every day．
4)同位语从句
同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能相同。同位语从句由that引导，也可由whether，how，why，where when等来引导。例如：
1.She ignored the teacher's instruction that she must study hard．
2.The question whether or not I should help him in such a case troubled me greatly．

Answer 4

初中英语语法涉及的时态主要就是8种：
一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时
一般过去是，过去进行时，过去完成时
一般将来是，将来进行时
要求稍微高一点的需要掌握：
现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成时和将来完成进行时
被动语态肯定是有的。
虚拟语气只涉及标准的非真实条件句中的虚拟。
一般现在时，we
watch
TV
everyday.
现在进行时，what
are
you
doing?
现在完成时
i
have
finished
my
paper.
一般过去是，the
train
left
a
moment
ago.
过去进行时，i
was
watch
TV
then.
过去完成时
he
was
worried
about
what
he
had
heard.
一般将来是，will
you
go
with
us?
将来进行时
i
will
be
having
a
meeting
tomorrow
at
this
time.
现在完成进行时，it
has
been
raining
for
three
hours.
过去完成进行时，不常用，其谓语是
had
been
doing
将来完成时
the
train
will
have
left
by
the
time
you
get
there
on
foot.
将来完成进行时
不常用，其谓语是
will
have
been
doing
被动语态
the
window
was
broken.
如果句
if
it
doesn't
rain
tomorrow,i
will
go
to
school.