初中英语语法有哪些？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

时
1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

1. 语态
1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

b) 宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.

2. 短语动词
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.

3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.

b) If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all education.
We will, as always, stand on your side.

3） 错误的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her

Answer 2

太多了，推荐楼主搜一下魏训刚的 中考语法完全突破 视频教程，讲地非常好。

Answer 3

名词 一 名词的分类 　　二 名词的数 　　三 名词的所有格 　　四 名词在句中的作用 　　五 名词的修饰语 　　六 名词的单位
代词 　　一 代词的分类 　　二 人称代词 　　三 物主代词 　　四 反身代词 　　五 指示代词 　　六 不定代词 　　七 代词it的用法 　　八 相互代词 　　九 疑问代词 　　十 连接代词 　　十一 关系代词
数词 　　一 基数词 　　二 序数词 　　三 数词的用法
冠词 　　一 不定冠词的用法 　　二 定冠词的用法 　　三 零冠词的用法 　　四 冠词的位置 　　五 冠词的省略
形容词 　　一 形容词的特征、分类和功能 　　二 形容词的位置 　　三 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　四 形容词的名词化 　　五 形容词与介词的搭配
副词 　　一 副词的特征、分类和功能 　　二 副词的位置 　　三 副词的比较级和最高级
介词 　　一 介词的分类 　　二 介词的宾语 　　三 介词短语的句法功能 　　四 介词的位置 　　五 介词的意义 　　六 介词的固定搭配 　　七 介词的省略
连词和感叹词 　　一 连词的分类 　　二 并列连词 　　三 从属连词 　　四 感叹词
动词 　　一 时态和语态 　　一 时态 　　二 语态 动词的各种形式 　　二 动词的种类 　　三 短语动词
非谓语动词 　　一 不定式 　　二 动词的-ing形式 　　三 动词的-ed形式 　　四 非谓语动词的用法区别
句子 　复合句 　　一 主语从句 　　二 表语从句 　　三 宾语从句 　　四 定语从句 　　五 状语从句 　一 句子成分 　　二 五种基本句型 　　三 句子分类
直接引语和间接引语 　　一 直接引语和间接引语的特点 　　二 直接引语和间接引语的转换
主谓一致 　　一 主谓一致的三个原则 　　二 主谓一致的各种情形

Answer 4

初中英语语法：名词 、代词 、数词、介词 、连词 、形容词 、副词 、冠词 、动词时态 、被语动态 、非谓语动词 、助动词和情态动词 、宾语从句 、状语从句 、反义疑问句

Answer 5

多的是!