常见的完全倒装结构
1.there be 句型。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有一个手机和一些书。
引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。
There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。
2.用于here, there, now, thus, then + 动词 + 主语的句型中(谓语动词多为be, go, come等)。
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
3.以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头,谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。
Down fell the leaves. 树叶掉了下来。
在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。
Here we are. 我们到了。
4.表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
5. “表语+连系动词+主语”结构。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
常见的部分倒装结构
1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等)放在句首时。
I have never seen him before.
——Never have I seen him before.
——Never before have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。
表示“刚……就……的倒装结构
Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开,天就下起了雨。
No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。
Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。
3. so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是:So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语。
She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京,我也去过。
如果对前面所说的内容,加以肯定,或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用,表示一种结果的意思,那不倒装。
--- Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。
--- So he did. 确实是的。
4.Neither nor引导的句子用倒装语序,用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。
She wo’t go. NeitherNor will I. 她不走,我也不。
如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定,或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时,用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。
He worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力,但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定)
5. “so...that...和“such...that...”结构中的so或such位于句首时。
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
——So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
6.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时。
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
7.表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。
Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。
8.非谓语动词 + be + 主语。
Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。
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