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Question

目的：
观察不同剂量的黄芪多糖（Astragaluspolysaccharides，APS)对髙糖高脂结合小剂量链脲佐菌素注射所致2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗影响作用以及黄芪多糖对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清中TNF-a、1eptin和脂联素水平的影响，从而探讨APS对2型糖尿病大鼠糖尿病症状和胰岛素抵抗的作用及其机制。

方法：
SD大鼠喂以高脂高糖饲料加小剂量链脲佐菌素,建立2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型。将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组、糖尿病+黄芪多糖大剂量治疗组、糖尿病+黄芪多糖中剂量治疗组、糖尿病+黄芪多糖小剂量治疗组。检测了大鼠空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose，FPG）、空腹胰岛素（fasting plasma insulin，FINS）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、胆固醇（TC）的含量和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、胰岛素分泌指数（IS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）和血清中TNF-a、Leptin和脂联素水平变化。

结果：
1、高脂高糖喂养十链脲佐菌素方法成功建立了2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型。
2、与糖尿病对照组相比较，黄芪多糖高、中剂量治疗组大鼠血糖水平明显降低，而且黄芪多糖高、中、低剂量治疗组大鼠血胰岛素水平与糖尿病对照组比较也有显著降低。
3、与糖尿病对照组相比较，黄芪多糖高、中、低剂量治疗组大鼠的血清中TG、TC、LDL含量明显下降，同时血清中HDL含量显著升高。
4、与糖尿病对照组相比较，黄芪多糖高、中、低剂量治疗组大鼠的血胰岛素均有显著降低。
5、与糖尿病对照组相比较，黄芪多糖高、中、低剂量治疗组大鼠的血清中TNF- a和Leptin水平显著降低，血清脂联素水平明显提高。

结论：
1. 黄芪多糖可对2型糖尿病大鼠起到很好的治疗作用，表现为降低血糖，改善糖耐量，提高外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性和降低胰岛素抵抗。
2. 黄芪多糖可显著改善2型糖尿病大鼠所伴有的血脂异常。
3. 黄芪多糖对糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗的治疗作用与其抑制糖尿病时炎症因子TNF-a、瘦素等的产生，增加脂联素生成，改善胰岛素信号通路转导有关。

Answer 1

Effects of different doses of Astragalus polysaccharides (Astragaluspolysaccharides, APS) of the Gao small dose of sugar and fat combined injection of streptozotocin induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes role of APS on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in TNF-a serum , 1eptin and adiponectin levels, and thus of APS type 2 diabetes symptoms of diabetes and insulin resistance in rats and its mechanism.

Method:
SD rats fed a high fat and sugar diet and low-dose streptozotocin, insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rat model. The SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic control group, diabetic + APS high dose treatment group, diabetic + treatment groups in the APS, APS diabetes + low-dose treatment group. Examined fasting blood glucose (fasting blood glucose, FPG), fasting insulin (fasting plasma insulin, FINS), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (TC ) content and insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin secretion index (IS), insulin resistance index (IRI) and serum TNF-a, Leptin and adiponectin levels.

Results:
1, high fat, sugar feeding method of streptozotocin ten successfully established insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rat model.
2, compared with the diabetic control group, APS and high dose treatment group, blood glucose levels were significantly lower, and the APS high, medium and low dose treatment group, plasma insulin levels compared with the diabetic control group also decreased significantly.
3, compared with the diabetic control group, APS high, medium and low dose treatment group, serum TG, TC, LDL levels decreased significantly, while serum HDL was significantly increased.
4, compared with the diabetic control group, APS high, medium and low-dose insulin treatment group rats were significantly reduced.
5, compared with the diabetic control group, APS high, medium and low dose treatment group, the serum TNF-a and Leptin levels were significantly lower adiponectin levels were significantly increased.

Conclusion:
1. Astragalus polysaccharide in type 2 diabetic rats may play a very good therapeutic effect, manifested as reduced blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, improve peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance.
2. Astragalus polysaccharides can significantly improve type 2 diabetic rats are associated with dyslipidemia.
3. Astragalus polysaccharides on the treatment of diabetes and the role of insulin resistance in diabetes and its inhibition of inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, the production of leptin, adiponectin increased production, improved insulin signal transduction pathway.

Answer 2

Effects of different doses of Astragalus polysaccharides (Astragaluspolysaccharides, APS) of the Gao small dose of sugar and fat combined injection of streptozotocin induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes role of APS on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in TNF-a serum , 1eptin and adiponectin levels, and thus of APS type 2 diabetes symptoms of diabetes and insulin resistance in rats and its mechanism.

Method:
SD rats fed a high fat and sugar diet and low-dose streptozotocin, insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rat model. The SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic control group, diabetic + APS high dose treatment group, diabetic + treatment groups in the APS, APS diabetes + low-dose treatment group. Examined fasting blood glucose (fasting blood glucose, FPG), fasting insulin (fasting plasma insulin, FINS), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (TC ) content and insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin secretion index (IS), insulin resistance index (IRI) and serum TNF-a, Leptin and adiponectin levels.

Results:
1, high fat, sugar feeding method of streptozotocin ten successfully established insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rat model.
2, compared with the diabetic control group, APS and high dose treatment group, blood glucose levels were significantly lower, and the APS high, medium and low dose treatment group, plasma insulin levels compared with the diabetic control group also decreased significantly.
3, compared with the diabetic control group, APS high, medium and low dose treatment group, serum TG, TC, LDL levels decreased significantly, while serum HDL was significantly increased.
4, compared with the diabetic control group, APS high, medium and low-dose insulin treatment group rats were significantly reduced.
5, compared with the diabetic control group, APS high, medium and low dose treatment group, the serum TNF-a and Leptin levels were significantly lower adiponectin levels were significantly increased.

翻译：
Conclusion:
1. Astragalus polysaccharide in type 2 diabetic rats may play a very good therapeutic effect, manifested as reduced blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, improve peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance.
2. Astragalus polysaccharides can significantly improve type 2 diabetic rats are associated with dyslipidemia.
3. Astragalus polysaccharides on the treatment of diabetes and the role of insulin resistance in diabetes and its inhibition of inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, the production of leptin, adiponectin increased production, improved insulin signal transduction pathway.