跪求高手翻译

Question

与立井相比，斜井的缺点是：在自然条件相同时，斜井要比立井长的多；围岩不稳固时，斜井井筒维护费用高；采用绞车提升时，提升速度较低、能力较小，钢丝绳磨损严重、动力消耗大、提升费用较高，当井田斜长较大时，采用多段绞车提升，转载环节多、系统复杂，更要多占用设备和人力；由于斜井较长，沿井筒敷设管路、电缆所需要的管线长度较大，有条件时可采钻孔下管路排水供电，但要为此保留保安煤柱，增加煤柱损失；但对生产能力特大的斜井，辅助提升的工作量很大，甚至须增开副斜井。另外，斜井的通风风路较长，对瓦斯涌出量大的大型矿井，斜井井筒断面小，通风阻力过大，可能满足不了通风的要求，不得不另开专用通风或回风的立井并兼作辅助提升；当表土为富含水的冲击层或流砂层时，斜井井筒掘进技术复杂，有时难以通过。
因此，当井田内煤层埋藏不深、表土层不厚、水文地质情况简单、精通不需要特殊法施工的缓斜和倾斜煤层，一般可采用斜井开拓。对采用串车或箕斗提升的矿井，一般以一段提升进行开采有利，也可采用两段开采，但不宜采用三段。随新型强力和适用于25度倾角的胶带输送机的发展，大型斜井的开采深度将大为增加，斜井应用的范围将更加广泛。
片盘斜井具有地面工业建筑和技术装备简单、井巷工程量少、初期投资省、建井期短、投产和达到设计能力的时间较快等优点。开采浅部时，生产系统简单，增产潜力较大，技术经济指标较好。其缺点是：井口分散，占地较多；随开采向深部发展，转入两段开采以后，矿井生产环节增多，生产能力下降，技术经济效果较差；由于井型小，服务年限不长，各井口生产接续频繁，对保证矿区均衡生产不利。故片盘斜井的适用条件是：煤层浅部、煤层露头发育良好；沿煤层倾向的褶皱和断层切割较少；倾角较小的薄及中厚煤层；表土层和煤层分化带的垂深一般不宜超过20~30m；水文地质条件简单。当地区需煤紧迫，地质勘探程度低，大型设备及器材供应受到限制，建井技术力量薄弱时，采用片盘斜井是有利的。此外，如煤层赋存不稳定、地质构造复杂、先建设生产勘探井时，也可采用片盘斜井开拓。
立井开拓的适用性很强，一般不受煤层倾角、厚度、瓦斯水文等自然条件的限制。立井的井筒短、提升速度快、提升能力大，对辅助提升特别有利；对井型特大的矿井，可采用大断面的立井井筒，装备两套提升设备；井筒的断面很大，可满足大风量的要求；由于井筒短，通风阻力较小，对深井更为有利。其缺点和斜井优点相对应，不再赘述。因此，当井田的地形地质条件不利于采用平硐或斜井时，对可以考虑采用立井开拓。对于煤层赋存较深、表土层厚，或水文情况比较复杂、井筒需用特殊法施工，或多水平开采急斜煤层的矿井，一般都应采用立井开拓。对于倾斜长度大的井田，采用立井多水平开拓能较合理地兼顾浅部和深部的开采，也是较为有利的。
第五节 综 合 开 拓
在某些具体条件下，采用单一的井筒形式开拓，在技术上有困难、经济上不合理，可以采用不同井筒形式进行综合开拓。

Answer 1

Compared with the shaft, Shaft weaknesses are : natural conditions, Incline than the more long shaft; Not rock solid, Incline Shaft high maintenance costs; Hoist use, the lower the speed upgrade, the ability of smaller, rope wear serious, power consumption, upgrade costs, higher mine plagioclase larger, multi-Hoist of 7-23 links, complex systems, more occupied more equipment and manpower; As Incline longer pipeline laid along the shaft, the cable needed larger pipeline length, Whenever conditions allow the drill hole drainage pipe under power, but to retain this security pillar, increasing coal-loss; However, the extra production capacity of the inclined shaft, and the auxiliary upgrade the heavy workload, or even additional deputy Incline. Also, the ventilation Incline long road to a large quantity of gas emission of large mines, a small section inclined mine shaft, the ventilation resistance is too large, Ventilation may be unable to meet the requirements to operate special ventilation or air return and served as the auxiliary shaft upgrade; When the water-rich topsoil for the impact floors, or Quicksand, Incline shaft excavation technology complex, and sometimes difficult to pass. Therefore, when the mine buried within the seam is deep, topsoil is not thick, hydrogeology of the simple, proficient do not need special relief to the construction of ramps and steep seam generally available Incline develop. Series cars used to skip or upgrade the mine, to a general upgrading mining, but also beneficial use two mining, it is not advisable to adopt three. With the new powerful and applicable to the 25 degree angle of the belt conveyor, large Shaft mining depth will be greatly increased, Incline scope of the application will be more extensive. Incline disk unit with ground construction and industrial equipment simple and less roadway project, the initial investment to the province, building wells short, operation and design capability to achieve the advantages of faster time. Shallow mining, production system simply yield potential, good technical and economic indicators. Its weaknesses are : wellhead scattered, covering more; With deep mining to the development of mining into two sections, the increase in mine production processes, decreased productivity, technical and economic effects of poor; As well small, the service life is not long, the wellhead production successor frequent, ensuring mine production unfavorable balance. Therefore, the unit disk Incline applicable conditions are : shallow coal seams, coal seam outcrops very well; along the seam inclined folds and faults less; Inclination smaller thin and thick seam; topsoil and the seam zone dividing the vertical depth generally should not exceed 20~30m; simple hydrogeological conditions. When the coal region urgent need, the low level of geological prospecting, large-scale installations and equipment supply restrictions, Well Construction Technology weak, the introduction of disk Incline films is beneficial. In addition, coal bed unstable, complex geological structure and the production of construction exploration wells, the film can be applied Incline pioneering disc. Shaft explore the applicability of strong and generally free of seam inclination, thickness, gas and other natural hydrological conditions. The short vertical wellbore to enhance speed and the ability to upgrade, upgrade of support is especially advantageous; Well serious type of mine, use large section of the shaft, the two sets of equipment to upgrade equipment; The shaft section so great that it can meet the demands of high winds; Due to the short shaft, the ventilation resistance to the smaller, more favorable to the Sham Tseng. Incline its shortcomings and advantages to this, no longer exists. Therefore, when the mine geological conditions of the terrain is not conducive to using Adit or inclined shaft, the shaft can be considered pioneering. For the occurrence of deep seam, topsoil thickness or hydrology of the complexity required special shaft Construction, level or steep seam mining in the mine, in general, be used vertical shaft development. Tilt for the length of the large mine, the shaft used to develop multi-level more reasonable balance between the shallow and deep mining. It is more beneficial. V comprehensive expand in certain specific conditions, a single shaft pioneering form, it is technically difficult, economically irrational, we can use different forms of integrated shaft pioneering

Answer 2

Compared with the shaft, Shaft weaknesses are : natural conditions, Incline than the more long shaft; Not rock solid, Incline Shaft high maintenance costs; Hoist use, the lower the speed upgrade, the ability of smaller, rope wear serious, power consumption, upgrade costs, higher mine plagioclase larger, multi-Hoist of 7-23 links, complex systems, more occupied more equipment and manpower; As Incline longer pipeline laid along the shaft, the cable needed larger pipeline length, Whenever conditions allow the drill hole drainage pipe under power, but to retain this security pillar, increasing coal-loss; However, the extra production capacity of the inclined shaft, and the auxiliary upgrade the heavy workload, or even additional deputy Incline. Also, the ventilation Incline long road to a large quantity of gas emission of large mines, a small section inclined mine shaft, the ventilation resistance is too large, Ventilation may be unable to meet the requirements to operate special ventilation or air return and served as the auxiliary shaft upgrade; When the water-rich topsoil for the impact floors, or Quicksand, Incline shaft excavation technology complex, and sometimes difficult to pass. Therefore, when the mine buried within the seam is deep, topsoil is not thick, hydrogeology of the simple, proficient do not need special relief to the construction of ramps and steep seam generally available Incline develop. Series cars used to skip or upgrade the mine, to a general upgrading mining, but also beneficial use two mining, it is not advisable to adopt three. With the new powerful and applicable to the 25 degree angle of the belt conveyor, large Shaft mining depth will be greatly increased, Incline scope of the application will be more extensive. Incline disk unit with ground construction and industrial equipment simple and less roadway project, the initial investment to the province, building wells short, operation and design capability to achieve the advantages of faster time. Shallow mining, production system simply yield potential, good technical and economic indicators. Its weaknesses are : wellhead scattered, covering more; With deep mining to the development of mining into two sections, the increase in mine production processes, decreased productivity, technical and economic effects of poor; As well small, the service life is not long, the wellhead production successor frequent, ensuring mine production unfavorable balance. Therefore, the unit disk Incline applicable conditions are : shallow coal seams, coal seam outcrops very well; along the seam inclined folds and faults less; Inclination smaller thin and thick seam; topsoil and the seam zone dividing the vertical depth generally should not exceed 20~30m; simple hydrogeological conditions. When the coal region urgent need, the low level of geological prospecting, large-scale installations and equipment supply restrictions, Well Construction Technology weak, the introduction of disk Incline films is beneficial. In addition, coal bed unstable, complex geological structure and the production of construction exploration wells, the film can be applied Incline pioneering disc. Shaft explore the applicability of strong and generally free of seam inclination, thickness, gas and other natural hydrological conditions. The short vertical wellbore to enhance speed and the ability to upgrade, upgrade of support is especially advantageous; Well serious type of mine, use large section of the shaft, the two sets of equipment to upgrade equipment; The shaft section so great that it can meet the demands of high winds; Due to the short shaft, the ventilation resistance to the smaller, more favorable to the Sham Tseng. Incline its shortcomings and advantages to this, no longer exists. Therefore, when the mine geological conditions of the terrain is not conducive to using Adit or inclined shaft, the shaft can be considered pioneering. For the occurrence of deep seam, topsoil thickness or hydrology of the complexity required special shaft Construction, level or steep seam mining in the mine, in general, be used vertical shaft development. Tilt for the length of the large mine, the shaft used to develop multi-level more reasonable balance between the shallow and deep mining. It is more beneficial. V comprehensive expand in certain specific conditions, a single shaft pioneering form, it is technically difficult, economically irrational, we can use different forms of integrated shaft develop.