有关冰心(英文)

求救!!!~!!!!

冰心女士在《小说月报》的第12卷第4号上,发表了一篇叫做《超人》的短篇小说。发表的当时,我也觉得这标题新颖得很,便也怀着一肚子好奇心,把它翻看了一下。我记得那时候的感想,第一,觉得有点被那个标题骗了似的,第二,我总觉得这里面穿了几个大孔,作者本人似乎始终没有把它看出。近来又在《小说月报》的第13卷第9号上,看见了署名剑三的一篇批评的文字,又在第12卷第11号的《小说月报》里,也寻出了潘垂统君的评论,好像都说冰心女士的这篇作品,是她整个思想的最高的表现,所以我又把那篇小说翻出来看了。可是我第二次把它看完了的时候,我仍觉得一年多以前的感想,依然没有多大的变化,很顽固地主张自己,虽然中间夹着了两篇还不能说是文艺批评的文字。�

这小说为什么要叫做《超人》,虽然冬芬君的附注上说:“如果有不哭的啊,他不是‘超人’”,我却至今还是不懂,但这是作者的自由。作者对于“超人”这个词,或许有特别的见

解,不过我们要知道作者在这篇作品里面,实在没有告诉我们什么是超人,并且她也无须告

诉;所以若有人说何彬就是作者意中的超人的表现,说这样才是超人,那样不是超人,那就

不仅是武断,而且要被作者暗笑了。(题目与本文,本来没有关系,不过许多的人,每每把它们误解了,我才顺便说及。)�

就上面的两节看起来,倒像我是在做批评的批评了。批评家的观察与表现对不对,本也可以将对象去批评,不过我的目的,是在这里想把冰心女士的《超人》评论一下——像其余的批评家一样,把话说得谦恭一点,那么,我是想在这里把我一个人关于《超人》的意见说说。�

冰心女士的作品,我看得不多,但是我仅由她的小说,可以看出她的诗人的天分很高,艺术家的手腕很足。就是她这篇小说,都比那些诗翁的大作,还要多有几分诗意。她那丰富的想象力与真挚的心情,都很可爱,精细的描写,与伶俐的笔致,也都把女性的特长发挥得出。但《超人》这篇小说,我却不敢说是成功的作品,我现在取纯正的态度,把我的意见写出来,供大家的参考。�

凡有一种文艺我们能取为批评的对象的,是:�

观察

艺术(Art)�

表现

文艺的 �

思想

效能(Effect) �

情绪

效能与艺术虽然不是可以独立分离的,然为文艺批评时,却不妨分别出来研究。�

《超人》这篇小说的宗旨,有人说作者的意思,是想表示由否定(Verneinung)达到肯定(Bejahung)的一种经过,就是:�

否定 肯定�

这种经过,本可以由种种的路途达到,《超人》指示我们可以达到的方法,却是什么呢?有人说是爱的实现,那么,这种经过是:�

否定 爱的实现 肯定�

假使我们把《超人》依这种形式分解出来的时候,我们就会觉得各部分的表现工夫还没有做到,作者的观察不仅没有深入,反有被客观的现象蒙蔽了的样子。�

譬如写何彬的否定的时候,作者的描写只是一些客观的可见的现象,主观的心的现象,少有提起。这确是表现上的一个缺陷。并且开首第一句就说:“何彬是一个冷心肠的青年”,

后面又说他面色冷然,好像作者真的想把何彬写到极端否定的样子,这是很不对的。近代人

的精神上的痛苦,不在于把一切都否定了,而在于只是怀疑与苦闷,什么也不能肯定。否定

是负号的肯定,近代人若能真的否定起来,倒也可以减少多少痛苦,可是近代人之不能否定,正犹如他之不能肯定。真的,近代人只是怀疑,只是苦闷,苦的是既不能肯定,也不能否定。何彬对程姥姥所说的话,很显出了他的怀疑,只是不甚深刻,也没有把他内在的苦闷写出来,看去时只越发增加了他的冷度。我在这地方觉得作者的观察不深,不出客观的现象以外,反被客观的现象瞒过了。并且由极端的否定转入肯定,不是经过一种媒介(Medium)所能办到的。这样的由这边转到那边,必先有他的可能性(Possibility),就是要先到一个可以左可以右的一个零点(Zero Point),这样的零点,就是近代人的不能肯定,也不能否定的怀疑与苦闷的状态。由零点进而肯定,不可不有一种媒介,由否定达到零点,也不可不有另一种媒介,所以把否定到肯定的全经过写出来的时候,就是:�

否定 媒介甲 零点 媒介乙 肯定�

换一句话说明出来的时候,就是由否定达到肯定,不可不先由媒介甲的作用由否定离开,达到可左可右的零点,然后再由媒介乙的作用,离开零点,直达肯定。所以像《超人》那样把主人公写到极端否定,不仅理论上说不过来,还使结构上生了一层缺陷。凡我们对于一个现象,不应当只就他的表面观察,应当把藏在表面下深处的实在看出来,才能够不为客观的现象所蒙蔽了。何彬这样的人,就《超人》的后半看起来,确是易于感动人的,他的泪珠好像不时充满了他的双眼。若像《超人》这样写出来,那就不过是一个神经质的感伤主义者(Sen

timentalist)了。所以《超人》若真是想表现达到肯定的经过,就还当把怀疑与苦闷的热与

力写出来,不要把他们看脱了,更不要说那些冷心肠的话。《小说月报》上的一个批评家很称赞这个冷字,说“是作者苦心用力写的,十分伤心,包含着许多眼泪,读完这篇东西,细

想这个冷字而不哭,那真是全没心肝的人”。这种旧式的、不讲道理的、狂热的批评,不仅于文艺批评没有丝毫的益处,反易使人把文艺批评误解了。为文艺批评的人,应当还要冷静一点,应当还要严肃一点,应当深就全体的效能与艺术观察——用冷静严肃的态度观察,也用冷静严肃的态度表现出来才好。�

又如写爱的实现的时候,用了一场梦境,这自然是很经济的写法;但这场梦境偏插在“至人无梦”以后,这确是自己无故把“三夜的往事”筑起来了的效能,削成强弩之末了。那梦境前的“睡下的时候,他觉得热极了”,虽然即刻用“累了两天了,起居上自然有些反常”之类的女性特有的逻辑(Logic)来注解,却也掩不了勉强的痕迹。禄儿的那封信,有人说是太不近现实,本来我们现在的社会程度太低,他们表现自己的能力太薄弱,原不仅一个无知识的禄儿是这个样子,就是我们现在的上流阶级以及知识阶级,我们都不能在他们的言论中,

表现我们所要表现的思想与情绪,不过关于这一点,我却不仅不说作者不好,因为时常感觉

同样的苦处,我反不禁要表示同情于作者。我想可以在这里警告我们的青年作家,不要再想

在现在的一般人的言论里面,织入高深的思想,我们暂时不能不丢了这条路,我们以后只能

在干燥浅薄的言行的全部之中,取曲径把我们的思想徐徐地暗示。既要顾及实情,又要不堕

入浅近的自然派的描写,除此之外恐怕也没有他法,这固然是很难的事情,不过我想也并不

是不可能的事。�

最后作者写何彬肯定的时候,我觉得热有余而力实不足。本来最初写得那般冰冷,接着又勉强安排了一回梦境,又使禄儿写了一封很勉强的信,这全体的效能已经是很勉强的了;而作者写何彬肯定的时候,又只用了他一封感伤的(Sentimental)信,与满面的泪痕,他的举止,却仍没有摆脱最初的灰色与冷度;我们由他的肯定,丝毫都看不出肯定的动力的效果,所以这全经过倒像微风偶过,在水面上吹起了一层涟漪,不久又仍归寂静了。真的肯定应当在本人的一生中,涌起永难消灭的一回激荡,而以余力深深地给一种不可磨灭的印象于读者的心里。关于这地方,冰心是疏忽了一点的了。有人说看了何彬的信,就觉得非哭不可,但这是这封信的感伤(Sentimentalism)的成功,不能扯到全体的效能上去。小说家最大的努力,

应当注意在小说全部的戏剧的效能(Dramatic effect),批评家也应当持冷静的态度,在这

些地方注意,不要学那些旧戏迷的喝彩。旧戏迷不解艺术,也不讲效能,唱得又高又久,舞得又奇又怪的,便不惜高声的喝彩;至于这些歌舞对于全剧的艺术与效能有什么关系,他们是不管的,真的艺术作品,决不靠哪一部分的完善;艺术作品的完善,也在他的各个,也在他的全体(as a whole)。这全体应当是多样的统一,一部分的出风头,弄得不好,便会把统一破坏。《超人》的这封信,能使人不禁哭起来,实是它意外的成绩,然而专就这封信说,我都觉得热有余而力不足。�

以上所言,是依许多批评家的评论,把《超人》作为描写一个人自否定达到肯定之经过的作品,再把它剖解考究所得。究竟冰心女士作这短篇时,她自己的意思如何,我们无从详悉;所以这样批评,究竟有什么意思,完全是一个未知数。不过我们由一篇作品,也不是决不能看出作者作那篇东西时的意思,我们多少是可以看得出的。我们所看出的作者的意思,与作者自己当时的意思是不是一样,能不能一致,是在批评家的观察力的大小,与作者自己的意识明显的程度;有时批评家竟能看出作者自己还没有觉到的地方,也是有的。冰心女士作《超人》这篇小说时的意思,许多的人都由事件的进行与结果,说她是想描写一个人由否定达到肯定的经过;然而这种观察的方法,难免偏于印象,难免不使旧的远的印象为新的近

的印象所蒙蔽了,所以我想最好还是用一种归纳的方法。�

当我们把《超人》仔细读过一遍的时候,奔涛一般起伏的诸印象之中,超群出类的共有三个:第一,没有爱的(孤独的)生活;第二,过去的追忆;第三,爱的实现(Realization)。它们的关系是:�

没有爱的生活 过去的追忆 爱的实现�

就是从没有爱的(孤独的)生活,由过去的追忆,达到爱的实现的一种经过。我在这里提出过

去的追忆,或者有人不赞成,然而我敢说《超人》的最重要的内容就在这里。我想作者当时

的意思,也不外是想描写我们与过去的关系——永远相牵,永无终止的关系。我不想在这里

说及我们一个人怎样忘不了自己的过去,怎样眷念,怎样渴望;然而我们一生的历史,很无情地一页页翻过来了,永无回复的可能性,事愈不能,我们越想,只在我们这种想念之中,我们回复了多少过去了的我们。寻着了多少过去了的悲哀与欢喜——都一样地要求我们感激的!当我们表现出这种陶醉的感激的时候,谁能不被激起狂热的共鸣?《超人》得力的地方,就在这里。�

然而就我所新提出的经过看起来,《超人》的艺术,也仍不免有我前面说过的几层缺点。她写没有爱的生活,也只就客观的现象描写,也错在把何彬写到了极端的否定;她写过去的追忆,也很安插得勉强;她写爱的实现,也是热有余而力不足。并且作者似乎没有把爱的真谛看出。真的纯洁的爱,在授而不在受,在与(to give)而不在取(to take)。爱好比黄昏时分的飞鸟,是要寻出可以栖息的一枝的,不得其所,是不能安息的,然而何彬是何等的无气力,何等的冰冷!�

此外还有最后的,或者真与作者的本意一致的一种观察。何彬在信中说:“你深夜的呻吟,使我想起了许多的往事,头一件就是我的母亲”,“她带了你的爱来感动我”。就这些地方看起来,似乎作者的意思,不过是想描写一个没有爱的人,如何想起了慈母的爱情的一种经过。如果作者的意思真是这般的,那就未免更琐碎了。�

我写这一篇东西,丝毫没有把《超人》故意说坏的成见,不过想把我的意见写出来,供大家参考。有许多的话一定有人不赞成,也有许多的话,说得不十分彻底。冰心女士的诗人的天分是很高的,我在前头说过,不须再说了。不过她的作品,不论诗与小说,都有一个共通的大缺点,就是她的作品,都有几分被抽象的记述胀坏了的模样。一个作品的戏剧的效能,

不能靠抽象的记述,动作(Action)是顶要紧的,最好是把抽象的记述投映(Project)在动作

里。我们的旧小说多被动作(实事)胀坏了,然而被抽象的记述胀坏,也是过犹不及。这许是

冰心偏重想象而不重观察的结果,我在这里顺便谈谈,也许不无益处。��

Ice Ms. Xin, on the roll No.4 of 12th of " novel monthly magazine ", has published a short story that is called "superman". It is then as publishing , I also feel that this title is very much novel, convenient to also cherish a belly curiosity, have leafed through it. Me remember then the reflection of time, is first , feel that is a little deceived by that title , is second , me feel here always surface have worn some big holes, author I seemingly has no all along, find out it. Recently have again seen on the roll No.9 of 13th of " novel monthly magazine " to sign the writing of a criticism of sword 3, have again also sought Pan Chui Tong in 12th rolls up " No.11 novel monthly magazine " the comment of monarch, just like say this works of ice Ms. Xin , it is the highest expression of her entire thought, so, I again turn that novel to come out and have seen. However me 2th the time that it has seen , me still feel one year much before reflection, have no what change still , advocate self very stubbornly, though intermediate folder two can not still say is the writing of the criticism of literature and art.
� this novel why will be called " superman ", say though on the note of winter fragrance monarch: " if have not cry , him do not be "superman" ", I do not understand so far still, but this is the freedom of author.
Author has special view perhaps for this word of " superman ", however we will know author, is inside this works , it is superman to do not tell us what really, and she need not also tell;
So if have person to say what Bin is author Yi in exceptional expression, say that is so just exceptional , so do not be exceptional, that is not only dogmatical , and will be sniggered by author. ( title and this paper, do not concern originally, however, a lot of persons have misunderstood them often, I just say incidentally and. ) � for on two look , fall like me is in do the criticism of criticism. Expression and the observation of critic for incorrect, book can also criticize object , however my purpose, think here the comment of " superman " of ice Ms. Xin — — the critic like others as, say words modest , so, I am to want to say my opinion of a person about "superman" here to say.
� the works of ice Ms. Xin, I see not much, but I can find out only by her novel that the talent of her poet is very high, the skill of artist is very enough. Is her this novel , still have somewhat poetic flavor than those your works of poetry old man. Her that rich imagination and sincere mood are lovely, meticulous to describe , with clever pen deliver , also develop the speciality of female to reach. But " is exceptional " this novel, I do not dare to say that is successful works , I now take pure attitude , write my opinion to come out , let the reference of all.
� have a kind of literature and art all us can take for the object of criticism, is:
� observation art ( Art ) � expression literature and art � ideological usefulness ( Effect ) � mood usefulness and art though not is can split independently, Ran is the criticism of literature and art , not Fang difference study.
� this novel of " superman " purpose, somebody says the meaning of author, think show from negate ( Verneinung ) reach affirm ( Bejahung ) a kind of process, is:
� negate affirm � this kind of process, book can reach by various way, does "superman" instruct the method that we can reach , but being what? Somebody says that is the realization of love, so, this kind of process is:
� the realization of negative love affirm � if our "superman" depend on this kind of form decompose the time of coming out , our expression time that can feel each part does not accomplish yet, the observation of author does not be not only gone deep into , has the objective phenomenon deceive of quilt on the contrary Appearance De.
� write for example what Bin negative time, author describe is some objective evidently phenomenon, the phenomenon of subjective heart is rare to mention. A defect that this shows really. And open first first sentence say:
" what Bin is a youth of cold heart ", again say his complexion at the back cold Ran, just like author real think what Bin write extremely negative appearance, this is not correct very much.
The pain on the spirit of modern person does not lie in , have negated everything , and lie in that is doubt with depressed, what can not also affirm.
Negate is negative sign affirm , if modern person can be true and negative , fall can also reduce how many pain, however modern person Zhi not whether decide , just just like him Zhi can not affirm. Real, modern person doubts merely , is depressed only, bitter is to can not affirm , also not whether decide. What Bin for Cheng the words that grandmother claims , the doubt that has shown him very is very deep merely, also have no his intrinsic depressed write , when seeing , have the more increased his cold degree only. I feel in this place that the observation of author is not deep , do not make objective phenomenon besides, on the contrary, the objective phenomenon of quilt is hidden. And from extreme negate to change over to affirm , can make via a kind of medium ( Medium ). From turn here there, there will be his possibility ( Possibility ) first, for is will go to one first can left can a right zero point ( Zero Point ), such zero point, is modern person can not affirm , also not whether the depressed state and doubt that decided. From zero point and then affirm , cannot do not have a kind of medium, from negate to reach zero point, also cannot do not have another kind of medium, so negate definite whole process write the time of coming out , is:
� the negative medium shell medium of zero point Yi affirm � change the explanation of a word the time of coming out , for is from negate to reach affirm , cannot not late from the role of medium shell from negate to leave, reach it can be left but right zero point, then again from medium Yi role, leave zero point , nonstop to affirm. So like "superman", it is extremely negative to describe hero , not only say theoretically that come however, still make having given birth on structure a level of defect. All us for a phenomenon, should not observe only for his surface, should depository in surface next depths see really, then can reach do not cover for objective phenomenon to cover. What Bin such person, for "superman" second half look , is easy to move person really, his teardrop just like the two eyes that have filled with him from time to time.
If write like "superman", that is a sentimental doctrine of nervousness ( Sentimentalist ) however.
So if "superman" is to want to show to reach definite process really, still pawn doubt and depressed heat and force write , do not see them and have taken off , do not more say those cold hearts words.
A critic on " novel monthly magazine " praises this cold word very much , says " is author pains make efforts to write, is very sad , contain a lot of tears , read this thing , think carefully that this cold word does not be cried , that real is sink completely the person of darling ". This kind of old type , not reasonable, fanatical criticism, not only in the criticism of literature and art have no slightest benefit, on the contrary, is easy to make one have misunderstood the criticism of literature and art. Should be still sober , should be still serious for the person of the criticism of literature and art, should observe deeply for all usefulness and art — — use sober serious attitude observation, it is just good to also come out with sober serious attitude expression.
� again as the time of the realization that writes love, have used a dreamland, this nature is the very economic law of writing; But this dreamland insert in " to person do not have dream " after, this really self without reason the usefulness that " the past of 3 nights " build , cut strong Nu Zhi last. That dreamland before " sleep next time, him feel heat very ", though use the and so on " tired two days , on daily life naturally, it is unusual to have " at once the logic with peculiar female ( Logic ) come to annotate, can not also cover reluctant trace.
Lu that letter of son, have person to say is not near and realistic too, orginal us current social level low too, it is weak that they show own ability, original not only one ignorant know Lu son is this appearance, is us current upper-class class as well as knowledge class, we can not show in their speech the mood and thought that we will show , however about this, I not only do not say that author is not good, because often feel same suffering, I can't help express sympathizing with in author on the contrary.
I want to be able to warn our youth writer here , do not want to weave inside the current speech of general person into advanced thought again, we must lose this road temporarily, after us can only in dry shallow words and deeds all in, take bent way our thought hint slowly.
Will take true state into account , again sink into simple natural style otherwise describe , in addition perhaps, also have no his law, this is hard matter no doubt, however, I think of the matter that is also impossible not.
� final author write what Bin definite time, I feel that heat has to remain and force is really below. Write that originally initially Ban ice-cold, then have again arranged reluctantly dreamland, again make Lu son have written the letter with very reluctant one, this all usefulness has been very reluctant; And author write what Bin definite time, have again used the sentimental( Sentimental) letter of a he and the tear stains of full surface and his manner only , but do not still get rid of initial grey and cold degree; Us from him affirm , see the effect of power of not affirm at all , so this endures completely, fall like gentle breeze Ou error, on water surface, have blown a level of ripples , is soon again still quiet. Real affirm should in my all the life in, gush forever disaster eliminate agitate , deeply give with strength to spare a kind of cannot wear away impression reader at heart. About this place, ice heart is necligence point. Have person to say that have seen what Bin letter, feel not cry cannot, but this is this letter sentimental ( Sentimentalism ) success, can not pull all usefulness to go up.
Storywriter is biggest with great efforts , should notice the usefulness in the drama of all novels ( Dramatic effect ), critic should also hold sober attitude , pays attention in these places , does not study those applauses of old theatre fan. Old theatre fan does not understand , is artistic , it is again odd to also not speak usefulness , sing again
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第1个回答  2007-05-23
Ice Ms. Xin, on the roll No.4 of 12th of " novel monthly magazine ", has published a short story that is called "superman". It is then as publishing , I also feel that this title is very much novel, convenient to also cherish a belly curiosity, have leafed through it. Me remember then the reflection of time, is first , feel that is a little deceived by that title , is second , me feel here always surface have worn some big holes, author I seemingly has no all along, find out it. Recently have again seen on the roll No.9 of 13th of " novel monthly magazine " to sign the writing of a criticism of sword 3, have again also sought Pan Chui Tong in 12th rolls up " No.11 novel monthly magazine " the comment of monarch, just like say this works of ice Ms. Xin , it is the highest expression of her entire thought, so, I again turn that novel to come out and have seen. However me 2th the time that it has seen , me still feel one year much before reflection, have no what change still , advocate self very stubbornly, though intermediate folder two can not still say is the writing of the criticism of literature and art.
� this novel why will be called " superman ", say though on the note of winter fragrance monarch: " if have not cry , him do not be "superman" ", I do not understand so far still, but this is the freedom of author.
Author has special view perhaps for this word of " superman ", however we will know author, is inside this works , it is superman to do not tell us what really, and she need not also tell;
So if have person to say what Bin is author Yi in exceptional expression, say that is so just exceptional , so do not be exceptional, that is not only dogmatical , and will be sniggered by author. ( title and this paper, do not concern originally, however, a lot of persons have misunderstood them often, I just say incidentally and. ) � for on two look , fall like me is in do the criticism of criticism. Expression and the observation of critic for incorrect, book can also criticize object , however my purpose, think here the comment of " superman " of ice Ms. Xin — — the critic like others as, say words modest , so, I am to want to say my opinion of a person about "superman" here to say.
� the works of ice Ms. Xin, I see not much, but I can find out only by her novel that the talent of her poet is very high, the skill of artist is very enough. Is her this novel , still have somewhat poetic flavor than those your works of poetry old man. Her that rich imagination and sincere mood are lovely, meticulous to describe , with clever pen deliver , also develop the speciality of female to reach. But " is exceptional " this novel, I do not dare to say that is successful works , I now take pure attitude , write my opinion to come out , let the reference of all.
� have a kind of literature and art all us can take for the object of criticism, is:
� observation art ( Art ) � expression literature and art � ideological usefulness ( Effect ) � mood usefulness and art though not is can split independently, Ran is the criticism of literature and art , not Fang difference study.
� this novel of " superman " purpose, somebody says the meaning of author, think show from negate ( Verneinung ) reach affirm ( Bejahung ) a kind of process, is:
� negate affirm � this kind of process, book can reach by various way, does "superman" instruct the method that we can reach , but being what? Somebody says that is the realization of love, so, this kind of process is:
� the realization of negative love affirm � if our "superman" depend on this kind of form decompose the time of coming out , our expression time that can feel each part does not accomplish yet, the observation of author does not be not only gone deep into , has the objective phenomenon deceive of quilt on the contrary Appearance De.
� write for example what Bin negative time, author describe is some objective evidently phenomenon, the phenomenon of subjective heart is rare to mention. A defect that this shows really. And open first first sentence say:
" what Bin is a youth of cold heart ", again say his complexion at the back cold Ran, just like author real think what Bin write extremely negative appearance, this is not correct very much.
The pain on the spirit of modern person does not lie in , have negated everything , and lie in that is doubt with depressed, what can not also affirm.
Negate is negative sign affirm , if modern person can be true and negative , fall can also reduce how many pain, however modern person Zhi not whether decide , just just like him Zhi can not affirm. Real, modern person doubts merely , is depressed only, bitter is to can not affirm , also not whether decide. What Bin for Cheng the words that grandmother claims , the doubt that has shown him very is very deep merely, also have no his intrinsic depressed write , when seeing , have the more increased his cold degree only. I feel in this place that the observation of author is not deep , do not make objective phenomenon besides, on the contrary, the objective phenomenon of quilt is hidden. And from extreme negate to change over to affirm , can make via a kind of medium ( Medium ). From turn here there, there will be his possibility ( Possibility ) first, for is will go to one first can left can a right zero point ( Zero Point ), such zero point, is modern person can not affirm , also not whether the depressed state and doubt that decided. From zero point and then affirm , cannot do not have a kind of medium, from negate to reach zero point, also cannot do not have another kind of medium, so negate definite whole process write the time of coming out , is:
� the negative medium shell medium of zero point Yi affirm � change the explanation of a word the time of coming out , for is from negate to reach affirm , cannot not late from the role of medium shell from negate to leave, reach it can be left but right zero point, then again from medium Yi role, leave zero point , nonstop to affirm. So like "superman", it is extremely negative to describe hero , not only say theoretically that come however, still make having given birth on structure a level of defect. All us for a phenomenon, should not observe only for his surface, should depository in surface next depths see really, then can reach do not cover for objective phenomenon to cover. What Bin such person, for "superman" second half look , is easy to move person really, his teardrop just like the two eyes that have filled with him from time to time.
If write like "superman", that is a sentimental doctrine of nervousness ( Sentimentalist ) however.
So if "superman" is to want to show to reach definite process really, still pawn doubt and depressed heat and force write , do not see them and have taken off , do not more say those cold hearts words.
A critic on " novel monthly magazine " praises this cold word very much , says " is author pains make efforts to write, is very sad , contain a lot of tears , read this thing , think carefully that this cold word does not be cried , that real is sink completely the person of darling ". This kind of old type , not reasonable, fanatical criticism, not only in the criticism of literature and art have no slightest benefit, on the contrary, is easy to make one have misunderstood the criticism of literature and art. Should be still sober , should be still serious for the person of the criticism of literature and art, should observe deeply for all usefulness and art — — use sober serious attitude observation, it is just good to also come out with sober serious attitude expression.
� again as the time of the realization that writes love, have used a dreamland, this nature is the very economic law of writing; But this dreamland insert in " to person do not have dream " after, this really self without reason the usefulness that " the past of 3 nights " build , cut strong Nu Zhi last. That dreamland before " sleep next time, him feel heat very ", though use the and so on " tired two days , on daily life naturally, it is unusual to have " at once the logic with peculiar female ( Logic ) come to annotate, can not also cover reluctant trace.
Lu that letter of son, have person to say is not near and realistic too, orginal us current social level low too, it is weak that they show own ability, original not only one ignorant know Lu son is this appearance, is us current upper-class class as well as knowledge class, we can not show in their speech the mood and thought that we will show , however about this, I not only do not say that author is not good, because often feel same suffering, I can't help express sympathizing with in author on the contrary.
I want to be able to warn our youth writer here , do not want to weave inside the current speech of general person into advanced thought again, we must lose this road temporarily, after us can only in dry shallow words and deeds all in, take bent way our thought hint slowly.
Will take true state into account , again sink into simple natural style otherwise describe , in addition perhaps, also have no his law, this is hard matter no doubt, however, I think of the matter that is also impossible not.
� final author write what Bin definite time, I feel that heat has to remain and force is really below. Write that originally initially Ban ice-cold, then have again arranged reluctantly dreamland, again make Lu son have written the letter with very reluctant one, this all usefulness has been very reluctant; And author write what Bin definite time, have again used the sentimental( Sentimental) letter of a he and the tear stains of full surface and his manner only , but do not still get rid of initial grey and cold degree; Us from him affirm , see the effect of power of not affirm at all , so this endures completely, fall like gentle breeze Ou error, on water surface, have blown a level of ripples , is soon again still quiet. Real affirm should in my all the life in, gush forever disaster eliminate agitate , deeply give with strength to spare a kind of cannot wear away impression reader at heart. About this place, ice heart is necligence point. Have person to say that have seen what Bin letter, feel not cry cannot, but this is this letter sentimental ( Sentimentalism ) success, can not pull all usefulness to go up.
Storywriter is biggest with great efforts , should notice the usefulness in the drama of all novels ( Dramatic effect ), critic should also hold sober attitude , pays attention in these places , does not study those applauses of old theatre fan. Old theatre fan does not understand , is artistic , it is again odd to also not speak usefulness , sing again
第2个回答  2007-05-10
冰心<纸船 寄母亲>的英文原版
I the never willing to left a paper,
Always stay the —— stay,
an only an only pimping ship son,
Abandon from the boat in the nautical mile.

Have of were blown a window for to boat inside by a breeze,
Have of were beaten by the wave wet, be stained with on the ship's bow.
I is still the of not disappointed everyday,
Total hope contain a place for can flowing I wanting he going to.

Mother, if your in a dream sees an only pimping and white ship son,
Do not amaze its without cause into the dream.
This is you the intimate daughter contains the tears of,
Ten thousand water thousand mountain, beg he carry her love to return to go to with the woe.本回答被网友采纳
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