英语中有个就近一致的原则，到底是什么？

Question

来得详细一点
我所说的就近一致在这里指的是主谓方面的一致。比如下面这题：The teacher with his students___working in the fields. They have kept___for several hours. Nobody made them ___ for so long.
a. are...working...to work
b. is...work...work
c. is...working...work
d. are...working...work 该怎么做？把第一空前面的部分换一下又该怎么做？换成下面的：1.The teacher with his student
2.The teachers with his students
3.The teachers with his student 来得详细点，请说明原因。

Answer 1

在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

1. 语法一致原则

语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式.主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。例如:

A letter has been sent to every student.给每个学生寄了一封信.

Two letters have been sent to every student.给每个学生寄了两封信.

2. 意义一致原则

意义一致原则指主谓语之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定,而是由主语所表达的意义来决定.形式是单数的主语,其谓语有可能是复数形式;反之,形式是复数的主语,其谓语有可能是单数形式.例如:

The government have broken all their promises. 政府违背了全部诺言.(指政府中的各部门或成员)

The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. 美国是一个科学技术发达的国家.(美国是由许多的州构成的单一国家)

3. 就近原则

就近原则,指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语.由neither...nor或either...or连接或者当一个句子是由 there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致.例如:

Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸.

Neither she nor I am wet.她和我都没有被淋湿.

Answer 2

跟WITH无关的，with his student(s)就像修饰语一样，可以不管它，所以前面如果是teachers,就用复数动词，如果是teacher就用单数动词。本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 3

就是在there be 或者not only but also 的句子里面，谓语动词看离这个动词比较近一点的那个名词，在确定用什么时态