什么是英语中的宾语补足语

如题所述

宾语补足语:某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语 一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如:

My boss told me to type out two letters.

分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

They forbade her to leave the country.

Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re-quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。

二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

I consider him to be the best candidate.

分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

I know him to be a liar.

I suppose him to be away from home.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。

三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

He saw her enter the room.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

She won't let me do it.

I heard her lock the door.

We watched the children play games.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。还有两个词组:listen to,look at.

注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:

A child was seen to enter the building.

She was often heard to sing this song.

四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:

I'll help you(to) push the cart.

分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。

上句的被动语态为:You'll be helped to push the cart.

五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

He shouted to me to come over.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

I depend on you to do it.

I am counting on you to help me through.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb.to do,call on sb. to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. to do等。

六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:

He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

They are believed to have discussed the problem.

七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:

He is believed to be living in Mexico.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。

Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.

He is thought to be hiding in the woods.

间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如:

She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.

八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:

he didn't want her son to be taken away.

分析:句中“She”做主语,“didn't want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。

I'd like this room to be redecorated.

He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letteR
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第1个回答  2011-07-25
宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作 ,状态,特性,身份等
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