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â ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶ä¸»è¦å¼ºè°äºå®ãç»å¸¸åççå¨ä½æåå¨çç¶æã
â¡å¨è¯be é¤ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°åæ°ç¨amï¼ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°åæ°ç¨iså¤ï¼å
¶ä½ä¸å¾ç¨areã
â¢å¨è¯have é¤ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°åæ°ç¨haså¤ï¼å
¶ä½ä¸å¾ç¨haveã
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â¤å¨è¯ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°åæ°å sçæ¹æ³ï¼
1ï¼ä¸è¬ç´æ¥å¨è¯å°¾å s: swims, likes, wants
2ï¼ä»¥s, x, ch, sh, o ç»å°¾çè¯ï¼å¨è¯å°¾å es: washes, teaches, goes
3ï¼ä»¥è¾
é³åæ¯+yç»å°¾çè¯ï¼å
å°yåiåå es: studies, flies
â¥å¨è¯ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°åæ°å sç读é³ï¼
1ï¼æ¸
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é³å读/s/: likes, helps
2ï¼æµè¾
é³åå
é³å读/z/: swims, plays
3ï¼/t/å读/ts/: wants, gets
4ï¼/d/å读/dz/: needs, rides
5ï¼ä»¥s, x, ch, shç»å°¾å çes读/iz/: teaches, guesses
â¦å¥åä¸å¸¸åºç°é¢åº¦å¯è¯alwaysï¼æ»æ¯ï¼ï¼oftenï¼ç»å¸¸ï¼ï¼usuallyï¼é常ï¼ï¼sometimesï¼ææ¶ï¼ï¼seldomï¼å¾å°ï¼ï¼every dayï¼æ¯å¤©ï¼ï¼once a weekï¼æ¯å¨ä¸æ¬¡ï¼çã
2. ç°å¨è¿è¡æ¶
â ç°å¨è¿è¡æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºç°å¨æ£å¨è¿è¡æåççå¨ä½ã
â¡ææï¼beï¼am/is/areï¼+å¨è¯-ing
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1ï¼ä¸è¬å¨å¨è¯åå½¢æ«å°¾å -ing: going, asking, looking
2ï¼ä»¥ä¸åé³çåæ¯eç»å°¾çå¨è¯ï¼å
å»æeåå -ing: writing, closing, taking
3ï¼ä»¥âå
é³åæ¯ï¼è¾
é³åæ¯âçé读é³èç»å°¾çå¨è¯ï¼å
ååè¿ä¸ªè¾
é³åæ¯ï¼åå -ing: getting, running, swimming, beginning
3. ä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶
â 表示è¿å»æ个æ¶é´åççå¨ä½æåå¨çç¶æï¼å¸¸å表示è¿å»çæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨ï¼å¦ï¼yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks agoçã
â¡è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»ç»å¸¸æåå¤åççå¨ä½ï¼å¸¸åoften, alwaysç表示é¢åº¦çå¯è¯è¿ç¨ã
â¢è§åå¨è¯è¿å»å¼çææå¦ä¸ï¼
1ï¼å¨å¨è¯åå½¢æ«å°¾+ed: lookâlooked, playâplayed
2ï¼ç»å°¾æ¯eçå¨è¯+d: liveâlived, hopeâhoped
3ï¼ç»å°¾æ¯âå
é³åæ¯+è¾
é³åæ¯âçé读é³èè¯ï¼å
ååè¿ä¸ªè¾
é³åæ¯ï¼å+ed: stopâstopped, tripâtripped
4ï¼ç»å°¾æ¯âè¾
é³åæ¯+yâçå¨è¯ï¼å
åy为iï¼å+ed: studyâstudied, carryâcarried
â£ä¸è§åå¨è¯è¦éä¸è®°å¿ï¼å¯åèä¸è§åå¨è¯è¡¨ã
4. ä¸è¬å°æ¥æ¶
â ä¸è¬å°æ¥æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºå°æ¥æä¸æ¶é´çå¨ä½æç¶æã常ä¸tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the futureçè¿ç¨ã
â¡ç±å©å¨è¯shallï¼ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°ï¼/willï¼ç¬¬äºãä¸äººç§°ï¼+å¨è¯åå½¢ææã
â¢ç¾å½è±è¯åä¸ç®¡ä»ä¹äººç§°ï¼ä¸å¾ç¨willã
â£âbe going to+å¨è¯åå½¢â表示å³å°åççææè¿æç®è¿è¡çäºï¼We are going to have a meeting today. ä»å¤©æ们è¦å¼ä¼ã
â¤ä¸äºå¨è¯ï¼goï¼comeï¼startï¼moveï¼sailï¼leaveï¼arriveï¼stayçï¼çè¿è¡æ¶æå¯è¡¨ç¤ºè¿æç计ååæç®ï¼I'm leaving for Beijing.æè¦å»å京ã
â¥âbe to+å¨è¯åå½¢â表示æ计åè¦åççäºæå¾æ±å¯¹æ¹æè§ï¼Are we to go on with this work? æ们继ç»å¹²åï¼
5. ç°å¨å®ææ¶
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â 常åå®ææ¶è¿ç¨çå¯è¯åçè¯ï¼already, yet, just, ever, never, up to now, so far, before today, these days, in the past two years, for two weeks, for a long time, since 1980, since we began to learn English
â¡foråsince
1ï¼forç¨äºè¿å»çä¸æ®µæ¶é´ï¼å¨è¯å¿
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He has been there for six months.
2ï¼sinceç¨äºè¿å»çä¸ä¸ªç¡®åçæ¶é´ï¼since +ä¸æ®µæ¶é´ï¼agoï¼sinceï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ¶é´ç¹ï¼sinceï¼ä»å¥ã
He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 oâclock.
He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.
â¢alreadyç¨äºè¯å®å¥ä¸ï¼yetç¨äºå¦å®å¥åçé®å¥ä¸ã
He has already visited many places in China.
The train hasn't arrived yet.
Has she arrived yet?
â£âhave been toâï¼å»è¿ï¼ åâhave gone toâï¼å»äºï¼
He has gone to Beijing.ï¼He is there or is on his way there.ï¼
He has been to Shanghai. ï¼He was there once, but he is not there now.ï¼
â¤çææ§å¨è¯é常ä¸è½å表示ä¸æ®µçæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨ãå¦ï¼
éï¼He has died for 3 years.
æ£ï¼He has been dead for 3 years.
æ£ï¼He died 3 years ago.
éï¼How long have you borrowed it?
æ£ï¼How long have you kept it?
â¥ç°å¨å®ææ¶ä¸ä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶çåºå«
1ï¼ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¼ºè°è¿å»åççå¨ä½å¯¹ç°å¨é æçå½±åï¼èä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶ä¸å¼ºè°è¿å»çå¨ä½ä¸ç°å¨çå
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I have lost my pen.ï¼å¼ºè°æç°å¨æ²¡æç¬ï¼
I lost my pen.ï¼è¿å»ç¬æäºï¼æ²¡è¯´æç°å¨æ¯å¦æç¬ï¼
2ï¼ç°å¨å®ææ¶ä¸å¯å表è¿å»çæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨ï¼ä½ä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶å¯å表è¿å»çæ¶é´ç¶è¯ï¼å¦åyesterday, last week, three days ago, just nowçè¿ç¨ã
6. ç°å¨å®æè¿è¡æ¶
â ç°å¨å®æè¿è¡æ¶çææï¼has/have + been +ç°å¨åè¯ã
â¡è¡¨ç¤ºç°å¨ä»¥åè¿ä¸æ®µæ¶é´éä¸ç´å¨è¿è¡çä¸ä¸ªå¨ä½ï¼è¯¥å¨ä½å¯è½ä»ç¶å¨è¿è¡ã
----How long have you been skating?
----Iâve been skating since nine oâclock.
â¢å¨å¼ºè°å¨ä½å»¶ç»æ¶é´çé¿ä¹
æ¶ï¼ç¨ç°å¨å®æè¿è¡æ¶æ´å¤ä¸äºã
è¯æ¯è¾ï¼I've been writing an article.ï¼è¿å¨åï¼æä¸ç´å¨åæç« ã
I've written an article.ï¼å·²å®æï¼æå·²ç»åè¿ä¸ç¯æç« ã
7. è¿å»å°æ¥æ¶
â è¿å»å°æ¥æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºä»è¿å»ææ¶çæ¥å°è¦åççäºæ
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He told me he would call me tomorrow.
The teacher wanted to know when you would finish your homework.
8. è¿å»è¿è¡æ¶
â è¿å»è¿è¡æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ææ段æ¶é´æ£å¨è¿è¡çå¨ä½ã
â¡è¿å»è¿è¡æ¶ç±wasï¼ç¬¬ä¸ãä¸äººç§°åæ°ï¼åwereï¼å
¶ä½äººç§°åæ°ï¼å ç°å¨åè¯æææã â¢è¿å»è¿è¡æ¶å¾å¾é¡»ç¨ç¹å®çæ¶é´ç¶è¯æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºã
The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
The girl was shopping when the alien got out.
9. è¿å»å®ææ¶
â è¿å»å®ææ¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¨è¿å»æä¸æ¶é´æå¨ä½ä»¥åå·²ç»å®æäºçå¨ä½ï¼ç®è¨ä¹ï¼å°±æ¯âè¿å»çè¿å»âã
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â¤æ³¨æï¼è¿å»å®ææ¶æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç¸å¯¹çæ¶é´æ¦å¿µï¼å®å¹¶ä¸è½ç¬ç«å°åå¨ï¼å®è¡¨ç¤ºçæ¯å¨æ个ç¹å®çè¿å»æ¶é´ä»¥åæåççäºï¼ç¦»å¼è¿ä¸ªç¹å®çè¿å»æ¶é´ï¼å°±ä¸åå¨è¿å»å®ææ¶ï¼å æ¤ä¸è½æå®ç解为âå¾æ©ä»¥åçäºâãææ¡å¥½è¿å»å®ææ¶çå
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If you go to the party, you will have a great time.
If you become a professional athlete, people all over the world will know you.
If Jim comes late, the teacher will call his parents.
⤠æ¶é´ç¶è¯ä»å¥ä¹è¦â主å°ä»ç°âã
We will give him a gift when he arrives.
The meeting will start as soon as he comes.
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