19.1 å°ç¹ç¶è¯ä»å¥
å°ç¹ç¶è¯ä»å¥é常ç±where, wherever å¼å¯¼.
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
æä½çå°æ¹æ å¾å¤.
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
ä¸ç®¡æå¨åªéæé½ä¼æ³å°ä½ .
19.2 æ¹å¼ç¶è¯ä»å¥
æ¹å¼ç¶è¯ä»å¥é常ç±as, (just) asâ¦soâ¦, as if, as thoughå¼å¯¼.
1ï¼ as, (just) asâ¦soâ¦å¼å¯¼çæ¹å¼ç¶è¯ä»å¥é常ä½äºä¸»å¥å,ä½å¨(just) asâ¦soâ¦ç»æä¸ä½äºå¥é¦,è¿æ¶asä»å¥å¸¦ææ¯å»çå«ä¹,æææ¯"æ£å¦â¦","å°±å",å¤ç¨äºæ£å¼æä½,ä¾å¦ï¼
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
ä½ å¸æ人家ææ ·å¾
ä½ ,ä½ å°±è¦ææ ·å¾
人.
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
æ们离ä¸å¼ç©ºæ°,ç¹å¦é±¼å¿ç¦»ä¸å¼æ°´.
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
æ£å¦ææ«æ¿å±ä¸æ ·,æ们ä¹è¦æ«é¤æ们头èä¸è½åçä¸è¥¿.
2ï¼ as if, as though
两è
çæä¹åç¨æ³ç¸å,å¼åºçç¶è¯ä»å¥è°è¯å¤ç¨èæè¯æ°,表示ä¸äºå®ç¸å,ææ¶ä¹ç¨éè¿°è¯æ°,表示æ说æ
åµæ¯äºå®æå®ç°çå¯è½æ§è¾å¤§.æ±è¯å¸¸ä½"仿ä½â¦â¦ä¼¼ç","好åâ¦â¦ä¼¼ç",ä¾å¦ï¼
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
ä»ä»¬å®å
¨å¿½ç¥äºè¿äºäºå®,就仿ä½å®ä¸åå¨ä¼¼ç.ï¼ä¸äºå®ç¸å,è°è¯ç¨èæè¯æ°.ï¼
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
ä»é£æ ·åå°±å被é·å»äºä¼¼ç.ï¼ä¸äºå®ç¸å,è°è¯ç¨èæè¯æ°.ï¼
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
çæ¥å¤©æ°å¾å¿«å°±ä¼å¥½èµ·æ¥.ï¼å®ç°çå¯è½æ§è¾å¤§,è°è¯ç¨éè¿°è¯æ°.ï¼
说æï¼as if / as thoughä¹å¯ä»¥å¼å¯¼ä¸ä¸ªåè¯çè¯ãä¸å®å¼çè¯ææ å¨è¯çè¯,ä¾å¦ï¼
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
ä»ç®ä¸è½¬çå°ççæ,å°±å第ä¸æ¬¡çè§æä¼¼ç.
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
ä»æ¸
äºæ¸
åå,åè¦è¯´ä»ä¹ä¼¼ç.
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
æ³¢æ¶å²å»ç岩ç³,好åå¾æ¤æ.
19.3 åå ç¶è¯ä»å¥
æ¯è¾ï¼because, since, asåfor
1ï¼ becauseè¯å¿æ强,ç¨æ¥è¯´æ人æä¸ç¥çåå ,åçwhyæåºçé®é¢.å½åå æ¯æ¾èæè§çæ已为人们æç¥,å°±ç¨asæ since.
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2ï¼ ç±becauseå¼å¯¼çä»å¥å¦ææ¾å¨å¥æ«,ä¸åé¢æé å·,åå¯ä»¥ç¨foræ¥ä»£æ¿.ä½å¦æä¸æ¯è¯´æç´æ¥åå ,èæ¯å¤ç§æ
åµå 以æ¨æ,å°±åªè½ç¨for.
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
19.4 ç®çç¶è¯ä»å¥
表示ç®çç¶è¯çä»å¥å¯ä»¥ç±that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in caseçè¯å¼å¯¼,ä¾å¦ï¼
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
19.5 ç»æç¶è¯ä»å¥
ç»æç¶è¯ä»å¥å¸¸ç±so⦠that æ suchâ¦thatå¼å¯¼,ææ¡è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªå¥å,é¦å
è¦äºè§£so å suchä¸å
¶åçè¯çæé
è§å¾.
æ¯è¾ï¼soå such
å
¶è§å¾ç±soä¸suchçä¸åè¯æ§å³å®.such æ¯å½¢å®¹è¯,修饰åè¯æåè¯è¯ç»,so æ¯å¯è¯,åªè½ä¿®é¥°å½¢å®¹è¯æå¯è¯. so è¿å¯ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºæ°éç形容è¯many, few, much, littleè¿ç¨,å½¢æåºå®æé
.
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
ï¼ so many å·²æåºå®æé
,a lot of è½ç¸å½äº many,ä½ a lot of 为åè¯æ§ç,åªè½ç¨suchæé
.ï¼
soâ¦thatä¸suchâ¦thatä¹é´ç转æ¢æ¢ä¸º soä¸suchä¹é´ç转æ¢.
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
19.6 æ¡ä»¶ç¶è¯ä»å¥
è¿æ¥è¯ä¸»è¦æ if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that ç..
if å¼å¯¼çæ¡ä»¶å¥æçå®æ¡ä»¶å¥åéçå®æ¡ä»¶å¥ä¸¤ç§.éçå®æ¡ä»¶å¥å·²å¨èæè¯æ°ä¸éè¿°.
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
å
¸åä¾é¢
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
çæ¡A. å¥æï¼é¤éä½ ç«å³èµ°,å¦åä½ å°±åè¿å°ç.å¯è½¬å为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. BãDå¥æä¸å¯¹,or表转æ,å¥åå¦ä¸º You leave immediately or you will be late.
19.7 让æ¥ç¶è¯ä»å¥
though, although
注æï¼ å½æthough, althoughæ¶,åé¢çä»å¥ä¸è½æbut,ä½æ¯ though åyetå¯è¿ç¨
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
è½ç¶å¨ä¸é¨,ä½ä»ä»¬ä»å¨å°é干活.
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
è½ç¶ä»å¾è,ä½ä»ç¶åªåå°å·¥ä½.
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤å£è½æå,ä½ä¼¤ç¤çä¸äº. ï¼è°è¯ï¼
å
¸åä¾é¢
1ï¼ ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
çæ¡ï¼C.æ为è½ç¶å¥¹å¾å¹´è½»,å´ç¥é许å¤.
2) as, though å¼å¯¼çåè£
å¥
as / thoughå¼å¯¼ç让æ¥ä»å¥å¿
须表è¯æç¶è¯æåï¼å½¢å®¹è¯ãå¯è¯ãåè¯ãå®ä¹å¨è¯æåï¼.
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注æï¼ a. å¥é¦åè¯ä¸è½å¸¦ä»»ä½å è¯.
b. å¥é¦æ¯å®ä¹å¨è¯,å
¶ä»å©å¨è¯æ¾å¨ä¸»è¯å.å¦æå®ä¹å¨è¯æ宾è¯åç¶è¯,éå®ä¹å¨è¯ä¸èµ·æ¾å¨ä¸»è¯ä¹å.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seemsâ¦
è½ç¶ä»å°½äºåªå,ä½ä»çå·¥ä½æ»åçä¸å°½äººæ.
3) ever if, even though. å³ä½¿
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whetherâ¦or- ä¸ç®¡â¦â¦é½
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +çé®è¯" æ"çé®è¯+åç¼ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
æ¿æ¢ï¼no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注æï¼no matter ä¸è½å¼å¯¼ä¸»è¯ä»å¥å宾è¯ä»å¥.
ï¼éï¼No matter what you say is of no use now.
ï¼å¯¹ï¼Whatever you say is of no use now.
ä½ ç°å¨è¯´ä»ä¹ä¹æ²¡ç¨äº.(Whatever you sayæ¯ä¸»è¯ä»å¥)
ï¼éï¼Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
ï¼å¯¹ï¼Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. åç¯ä»¬åªè½ç»ä»ä¹åä»ä¹.
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