使ç¨routeå½ä»¤ã
routeå½ä»¤ç¨äºæ¾ç¤ºåæä½IPè·¯ç±è¡¨ãè¦å®ç°ä¸¤ä¸ªä¸åçåç½ä¹é´çéä¿¡ï¼éè¦ä¸å°è¿æ¥ä¸¤ä¸ªç½ç»çè·¯ç±å¨ï¼æè
åæ¶ä½äºä¸¤ä¸ªç½ç»çç½å
³æ¥å®ç°ãå¨Linuxç³»ç»ä¸ï¼è®¾ç½®è·¯ç±éå¸¸æ¯ ä¸ºäºè§£å³ä»¥ä¸é®é¢ï¼è¯¥Linuxç³»ç»å¨ä¸ä¸ªå±åç½ä¸ï¼å±åç½ä¸æä¸ä¸ªç½å
³ï¼è½å¤è®©æºå¨è®¿é®Internetï¼é£ä¹å°±éè¦å°è¿å°æºå¨çIPå°å设置为 Linuxæºå¨çé»è®¤è·¯ç±ãè¦æ³¨æçæ¯ï¼ç´æ¥å¨å½ä»¤è¡ä¸æ§è¡routeå½ä»¤æ¥æ·»å è·¯ç±ï¼ä¸ä¼æ°¸ä¹
ä¿åï¼å½ç½å¡éå¯æè
æºå¨éå¯ä¹åï¼è¯¥è·¯ç±å°±å¤±æäºï¼è¦æ³æ°¸ä¹
ä¿åï¼æå¦ä¸æ¹æ³ï¼
1.å¨/etc/rc.localéæ·»å
2.å¨/etc/sysconfig/networkéæ·»å å°æ«å°¾
3./etc/sysconfig/static-router :
any net x.x.x.x/24 gw y.y.y.y
æ ¼å¼ï¼route
æ ¼å¼ï¼/sbin/route
ç¨äºæå°è·¯ç±è¡¨ï¼display the current routing tableï¼ã
å¨érootç¨æ·ä½¿ç¨æ¶éè¦ä½¿ç¨å®æ´è·¯å¾æ§è¡routeå½ä»¤ã
å½ä»¤åæ°
[root@linux ~]# route [-nee]
[root@linux ~]# route add [-net|-host] [ç½åæ主æº] netmask [mask] [gw|dev]
[root@linux ~]# route del [-net|-host] [ç½åæ主æº] netmask [mask] [gw|dev]
è§å¯çåæ°ï¼
-n ï¼ä¸è¦ä½¿ç¨é讯åå®æ主æºå称ï¼ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ IP æ port numberï¼
-ee ï¼ä½¿ç¨æ´è¯¦ç»çèµè®¯æ¥æ¾ç¤º
å¢å (add) ä¸å é¤ (del) è·¯ç±çç¸å
³åæ°ï¼
-net ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºåé¢æ¥çè·¯ç±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªç½åï¼
-host ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºåé¢æ¥ç为è¿æ¥å°åé¨ä¸»æºçè·¯ç±ï¼
netmask ï¼ä¸ç½åæå
³ï¼å¯ä»¥è®¾å® netmask å³å®ç½åç大å°ï¼
gw ï¼gateway çç®åï¼åç»æ¥çæ¯ IP çæ°å¼åï¼ä¸ dev ä¸åï¼
dev ï¼å¦æåªæ¯è¦æå®ç±é£ä¸åç½è·¯å¡è¿çº¿åºå»ï¼å使ç¨è¿ä¸ªè®¾å®ï¼åé¢æ¥ eth0 ç
æ ¼å¼ï¼route -n
æ ¼å¼ï¼/sbin/route -n
ç¨äºæå°è·¯ç±è¡¨ï¼å ä¸-nåæ°å°±æ¯å¨è¾åºçä¿¡æ¯ä¸ä¸æå°ä¸»æºåèç´æ¥æå°ipå°åã
æ ¼å¼ï¼route add default gw {IP-ADDRESS} {INTERFACE-NAME}
ç¨äºè®¾ç½®é»è®¤è·¯ç±ï¼å
¶ä¸ï¼
åæ°{IP-ADDRESS): ç¨äºæå®è·¯ç±å¨ï¼ç½å
³ï¼çIPå°åï¼
åæ°{INTERFACE-NAME}: ç¨äºæå®æ¥å£å称ï¼å¦eth0ã使ç¨/sbin/ifconfig -aå¯ä»¥æ¾ç¤ºæææ¥å£ä¿¡æ¯ã
ä¾:route add default gw mango
æ ¼å¼ï¼route add -net {NETWORK-ADDRESS} netmask {NETMASK} dev {INTERFACE-NAME}
æ·»å å°æå®ç½ç»çè·¯ç±è§åï¼å
¶ä¸
åæ°{NETWORK-ADDRESS}: ç¨äºæå®ç½ç»å°å
åæ°{NETMASK}: ç¨äºæå®åç½æ©ç
åæ°{INTERFACE-NAME}: ç¨äºæå®æ¥å£å称ï¼å¦eth0ã
ä¾1:route add -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
ä¾2:route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0
æ ¼å¼ï¼route add -net {NETWORK-ADDRESS} netmask {NETMASK} reject
设置å°æå®ç½ç»ä¸ºä¸å¯è¾¾ï¼é¿å
å¨è¿æ¥å°è¿ä¸ªç½ç»çå°åæ¶ç¨åºè¿é¿æ¶é´ççå¾
ï¼ç´æ¥å°±ç¥é该ç½ç»ä¸å¯è¾¾ã
ä¾:route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 reject
æ ¼å¼ï¼route del -net {NETWORK-ADDRESS} netmask {NETMASK} dev {INTERFACE-NAME}
æ ¼å¼ï¼route del -net {NETWORK-ADDRESS} netmask {NETMASK} reject
ç¨äºå é¤è·¯ç±è®¾ç½®ãåæ°æå®çæ¹å¼ä¸route addç¸ä¼¼ã
è¾åºè¯¦è§£
routeå½ä»¤è¾åºçè·¯ç±è¡¨å段å«ä¹å¦ä¸ï¼
Destination ç®æ
The destination network or destination host. ç®æ ç½ç»æç®æ 主æºã
Gateway ç½å
³
The gateway address or '*' if none set. ç½å
³å°åï¼å¦æ没æå°±æ¾ç¤ºæå·ã
Genmask ç½ç»æ©ç
The netmask for the destination net; '255.255.255.255' for a
host destination and '0.0.0.0' for the default route.
Flagsï¼æ»å
±æå¤ä¸ªææ ï¼ä»£è¡¨çæä¹å¦ä¸ï¼
o U (route is up)ï¼è¯¥è·¯ç±æ¯å¯å¨çï¼
o H (target is a host)ï¼ç®æ æ¯ä¸é¨ä¸»æº (IP) èéç½åï¼
o G (use gateway)ï¼éè¦éè¿å¤é¨çä¸»æº (gateway) æ¥è½¬éå°å
ï¼
o R (reinstate route for dynamic routing)ï¼ä½¿ç¨å¨æè·¯ç±æ¶ï¼æ¢å¤è·¯ç±èµè®¯çææ ï¼
o D (dynamically installed by daemon or redirect)ï¼å·²ç»ç±æå¡æ转 port åè½è®¾å®ä¸ºå¨æè·¯ç±
o M (modified from routing daemon or redirect)ï¼è·¯ç±å·²ç»è¢«ä¿®æ¹äºï¼
o ! (reject route)ï¼è¿ä¸ªè·¯ç±å°ä¸ä¼è¢«æ¥å(ç¨æ¥æµæ¡ä¸å®å
¨çç½åï¼)
o A (installed by addrconf)
o C (cache entry)
Metric è·ç¦»ãè·³æ°ãææ ç¨ã
The 'distance' to the target (usually counted in hops). It is
not used by recent kernels, but may be needed by routing dae-
mons.
Ref ä¸ç¨ç®¡ï¼æ为0ã
Number of references to this route. (Not used in the Linux ker-nel.)
Use 该路ç±è¢«ä½¿ç¨ç次æ°ï¼å¯ä»¥ç²ç¥ä¼°è®¡éåæå®ç½ç»å°åçç½ç»æµéã
Count of lookups for the route. Depending on the use of -F and
-C this will be either route cache misses (-F) or hits (-C).
Iface æ¥å£ï¼å³eth0,eth0çç½ç»æ¥å£å
Interface to which packets for this route will be sent.
èä¾ä¸
å纯çè§å¯è·¯ç±ç¶æ
[root@linux ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.30 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@linux ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.10.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default server.cluster 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
æ¤å¤ï¼è§å¯ä¸ä¸ä¸é¢çè·¯ç±æå顺åºåï¼ä¾åºæ¯ç±å°ç½å(192.168.10.0/24 æ¯ Class C)ï¼éæ¸å°å¤§ç½å(169.254.0.0/16 Class B) æååæ¯é¢è®¾è·¯ç± (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0)ãç¶åå½æ们è¦å¤ææ个ç½è·¯å°å
åºè¯¥å¦ä½ä¼ éçæ¶åï¼è¯¥å°å
ä¼ç»ç±è¿ä¸ªè·¯ç±çè¿ç¨æ¥å¤æåï¼ä¸¾ä¾æ¥è¯´ï¼æä¸å¤´ä»
æä¸ä¸ªè·¯ç±ï¼è¥ææä¸ä¸ªä¼ å¾ 192.168.10.20 çå°å
è¦ä¼ éï¼é£é¦å
ä¼æ¾ 192.168.10.0/24 è¿ä¸ªç½åçè·¯ç±ï¼æ¾å°äºï¼æ以ç´æ¥ç± eth0 ä¼ éåºå»ï¼å¦ææ¯ä¼ éå° Yahoo ç主æºå¢ï¼ Yahoo çä¸»æº IP æ¯ 202.43.195.52ï¼æéè¿å¤æ
1)ä¸æ¯ 192.168.10.0/24ï¼
2)ä¸æ¯ 169.254.0.0/16 ç»æå°è¾¾
3)0/0 æ¶ï¼ OK ï¼ä¼ åºå»äºï¼éè¿ eth0 å°å°å
ä¼ ç» 192.168.10.30 é£é¨ gateway 主æºåï¼æ以说ï¼è·¯ç±æ¯æ顺åºçãå æ¤å½ä½ éå¤è®¾å®å¤ä¸ªåæ ·çè·¯ç±æ¶ï¼ä¾å¦å¨ä½ ç主æºä¸çä¸¤å¼ ç½è·¯å¡è®¾å®ä¸ºç¸åç½åç IP æ¶ï¼ä¼åºç°ä»ä¹æ
åµï¼ä¼åºç°å¦ä¸çæ
åµï¼
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼ç±äºè·¯ç±æ¯ä¾ç
§é¡ºåºæ¥æåä¸ä¼ éçï¼æ以ä¸è®ºå°å
æ¯ç±é£ä¸ªä»é¢ (eth0, eth1) ææ¥æ¶ï¼é½ä¼ç±ä¸è¿°ç eth0 ä¼ éåºå»ï¼æ以ï¼å¨ä¸é¨ä¸»æºä¸é¢è®¾å®ä¸¤ä¸ªç¸åç½åç IP æ¬èº«æ²¡æä»ä¹æä¹ï¼æç¹å¤æ¤ä¸ä¸¾å°±æ¯äºãé¤éæ¯ç±»ä¼¼èæä¸»æº (Xen, VMware çè½¯ä½ ) ææ¶è®¾çå¤ä¸»æºæ¶ï¼æä¼æè¿ä¸ªå¿
è¦ï½
èä¾äº
[root@linux ~]# route del -net 169.254.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev eth0
# ä¸é¢è¿ä¸ªå¨ä½å¯ä»¥å é¤æ 169.254.0.0/16 è¿ä¸ªç½åï¼
# 请注æï¼å¨å é¤çæ¶åï¼éè¦å°è·¯ç±è¡¨ä¸é¢åºç°çèµè®¯é½åå
¥
# å
æ¬ netmask , dev ççåæ°åï¼æ³¨æ注æ
[root@linux ~]# route add -net 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
# éè¿ route add æ¥å¢å ä¸ä¸ªè·¯ç±ï¼è¯·æ³¨æï¼è¿ä¸ªè·¯ç±å¿
é¡»è¦è½å¤ä¸ä½ äºéã
# 举ä¾æ¥è¯´ï¼å¦ææä¸è¾¾åºä¸çæ令就ä¼æ¾ç¤ºé误ï¼
route add -net 192.168.200.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.200.254
# å 为æçç¯å¢å
ä»
æ 192.168.10.100 è¿ä¸ª IP ï¼æ以ä¸è½ä¸ 192.168.200.254è¿ä¸ªç½æ®µç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ MAC äºéï¼è¿æ ·è¯´ï¼å¯ä»¥ç解åï¼ï¼
[root@linux ~]# route add default gw 192.168.10.30
# å¢å é¢è®¾è·¯ç±çæ¹æ³ï¼è¯·æ³¨æï¼åªè¦æä¸ä¸ªé¢è®¾è·¯ç±å°±å¤äºåï¼
# å¨è¿ä¸ªå°æ¹å¦ææ¨é便设å®åï¼è®°å¾ä½¿ç¨åºä¸çæ令éæ°è®¾å®ä½ çç½è·¯
/etc/init.d/network restart
å¦ææ¯è¦è¿è¡è·¯ç±çå é¤ä¸å¢å ï¼é£å°±å¾è¦åèä¸é¢çä¾åäºï¼å
¶å®ï¼ä½¿ç¨ man route éé¢çèµæå°±å¾ä¸°å¯äºï¼ä»ç»æ¥é
ä¸ä¸ç½ï¼ä½ åªè¦è®°å¾ï¼å½åºç°ãSIOCADDRT: Network is unreachableãè¿ä¸ªé误æ¶ï¼è¯å®æ¯ç±äº gw åé¢æ¥ç IP æ æ³ç´æ¥ä¸æ¨çç½åæ²é (Gateway 并ä¸å¨ä½ çç½åå
)ã
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