有关希腊神话人物Cassandra的传说

Question

希望有人能详细的介绍一下希腊传说中Cassandra的传说，以及这个词语在现代英语中的用法，和相关的电影资料。最好是英文的原文引用附加自己的理解和见解，随便在其他百科上复制的答案就不用了。

Answer 1

Cassandra，卡珊德拉或翻译为凯珊卓，希腊文：Κασσάνδρα。特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯（King Priam）的女儿。古希腊神话中又一个可怜的悲剧人物。
（古希腊神话之所以那么震撼，就在于他的悲剧基调，这样的基调是用于古希腊人对命运的认识。他们认为命运产生悲剧，命运的主宰是连众神之神的宙斯都无能为力的）
Cassandra作为祭祀住在阿波罗神殿里，她的美貌打动了阿波罗，于是阿波罗赋予她预言的能力。（还有一种传说是：Cassandra住在阿波罗神庙里，有一天晚上，一条神庙里的蛇在Cassandra熟睡中舔了她的耳朵，从此，Cassandra便可以听到未来了。）作为回报，阿波罗向Cassandra提出发生肉体关系的要求，结果被Cassandra拒绝了。阿波罗一怒下向她施以诅咒：凡她说出口的预言将百发百中，然而谁也不信以为真，她的预言能力将成为她日后无尽痛苦的根源。在戏剧
《阿加门农》中，此故事似乎被描述为Cassandra曾许诺阿波罗，她愿意做阿波罗的妻子，但是Cassandra并没有遵守诺言，所以她遭受了惩罚。
Cassandra在特洛伊被破城之前，预言过特洛伊木马计，以及阿迦门农之死和自己的终结。正因为她拥有预知能力却没有人相信她，她对此无能为力，才感到痛苦万分。
在特洛伊战争之后，Cassandra避难于雅典娜神庙，但却遭到小埃阿斯Ajax the Lesser 强暴（可怜的女人啊）。前面的朋友说阿迦门农杀死了小埃阿斯，但是还有一个版本是说小埃阿斯是被海神波塞冬杀死的，或者又说是被雅典娜杀死的。
而Cassandra的去世，也有两种说法：一说她在希腊舰队归航途中船沉丧命，另一说认为她被克吕泰涅斯特拉杀害。
In Greek mythology, Cassandra was the daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. Her beauty caused Apollo to grant her the gift of prophecy. However, when she did not return his love, Apollo placed a curse on her so that no one would ever believe her predictions.
In an alternative version, she spent a night at Apollo's temple with her twin brother Helenus, at which time the temple snakes licked her ears clean so that she was able to hear the future. This is a recurring theme in Greek mythology, though sometimes it brings an ability to understand the language of animals rather than an ability to know the future.[2]

Apollo loved Cassandra and when she did not return his love, he cursed her so that her gift would become a source of endless pain and frustration. In some versions of the myth, this is symbolized by the god spitting into her mouth; in other Greek versions, this act was sufficient to remove the gift so recently given by Apollo, but Cassandra's case varies. From the play Agamemnon, it appears that she made a promise to Apollo to become his consort, but broke it, thus incurring his wrath.

Telephus, the son of Heracles, loved Cassandra but she scorned him and instead helped him seduce her sister Laodice.

While Cassandra foresaw the destruction of Troy (she warned the Trojans about the Trojan Horse, the death of Agamemnon, and her own demise), she was unable to do anything to forestall these tragedies.

Coroebus and Othronus came to the aid of Troy out of love for Cassandra. Cassandra was also the first to see the body of her brother Hector being brought back to the city.

After the Trojan War, she sought shelter in the temple of Athena, where she was raped by Ajax the Lesser. Cassandra was then taken as a concubine by King Agamemnon of Mycenae. Unbeknownst to Agamemnon, while he was away at war, his wife, Clytemnestra, had begun an affair with Aegisthus. Clytemnestra and Aegisthus then murdered both Agamemnon and Cassandra. Some sources mention that Cassandra and Agamemnon had twin boys, Teledamus and Pelops, both of whom were killed by Aegisthus.
关于Cassandra的用法，前面有一位朋友说的很清楚了，只是在这里补充一点，就是在心理学上所指的Cassandra complex卡珊德拉情结。
Cassandra complex可以是看成一种精神疾病，指那些对某些暂时无法确定或者尚且毫无根据的即将发生的“灾难”异常恐惧并且深陷其中的人，一般有这样情结的人，都有一些臆想症的征兆。
关于电影资料，最好的一部是我看过的《十二只猴子》，影片描写了关于主角在一群科学家的帮助下进行时空旅行，去收集有关一场使人类几乎灭亡的病毒信息，里面的女主角是一位心理学医生，她就在一次学术讨论会上详细的解释了什么叫Cassandra complex，即讽刺又经典的是，在她的发表会上所引用的一段Cassandra式的预言，正是日后真正发生了的灾难，而她也因为命运的安排，卷入了整个事件，最后也如Cassandra一样，对将要发生的灾难无能为力而痛苦不堪。

Answer 2

Cassandra (also called Alexandra), in Greek myth, the prophetic daughter of Priam, king of Troy, and Hecuba his wife. For Homer, who knows nothing of her prophetic gifts, she is the most beautiful of Priam's daughters. It was according to a later tradition that she was loved by Apollo and given the gift of prophecy, but when she refused his love he condemned her to the fate of always prophesying truthfully but never being believed. She appears in Greek tragedy in this role, vainly foretelling the fall of Troy. When Troy was captured, Ajax the Locrian, son of Oileus, found her in the temple of Athena clinging to the sacred statue of the goddess (the Palladium), dragged her away, and raped her. To expiate this sacrilege the Locrians were obliged to send two maidens to Troy every year for a thousand years to serve as slaves in Athena's temple; if they were caught by the inhabitants before reaching the temple they were executed. This obligation continued into the second century BC. After the sack of Troy Cassandra was awarded to the Greek commander Agamemnon as his concubine, but on their return to Mycenae she was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra.

卡珊德拉特洛伊国王不幸的女儿，不幸的预言家，因为她预见木马给特洛伊的灾难，而没有人相信，同样她也预言了阿加门农的被谋杀，这次给她带来了杀身之祸

所以，Cassandra在现在英文中的暗喻：A “Cassandra” is someone who constantly predicts bad news. 或是 one that predicts misfortune or disaster
不断预感到不幸的人或不幸与灾祸的预言者，也许是一种心理暗示或疾病

如此，即便没有直接描写Cassandra，也仍有以其人物性格及病态为基地的影视作品，如： 连续剧 Firefly ，电影 Twelve Monkeys

Answer 3

Cassandra，卡珊德拉，古希腊典型的悲剧性人物。

特洛伊公主，普里阿摩斯的其中一个女儿，她的后妈赫克柏从登基以来就一直想除掉他们这些前妻的孩子，于是6岁的卡珊德拉被送到修女院去当尼姑，饱受凌辱，而她弟弟厄俄瑞西斯后来在一次政变失败后被处死。

为了报复后妈的残酷，17岁的卡珊德拉以女祭祀身份进入宫廷，宣布后妈新生的儿子帕里斯会带来特洛伊的灭亡，于是普里阿摩斯王就把帕里斯丢去喂狼。而后妈的另一个儿子赫克托却健康成长成一个民族英雄。

帕里斯长大后，由养父带回宫廷，与父母团聚，赫克柏趁机向皇帝进谗言，于是卡珊德拉被关进地牢，等待处决。

特洛伊战争，联军攻破城池以后，卡珊德拉从地牢里逃了出来，结果她先被小埃阿斯强暴，后来阿迦门农杀死了小埃阿斯，抢走了卡珊德拉，占为己有。

回到迈锡尼以后，阿迦门农的老婆克吕泰尼斯特拉为掩饰奸情，把丈夫杀死在床上，同时也杀了卡珊德拉灭口。

她死后被追认为预言家，因为她的诅咒全部都应验了。