一、语法一致原则(主语一致)
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,动词用复数形式:
1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:
The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)
注意:如果这类名词前用了a pair of等量词,则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
3、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:
Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:
Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)
4、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:
A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)
A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
5、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:
Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)
6、主语中含有half of… / three quarters of… / all (of) the …等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:
Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的)
All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
二、就近原则
有时,谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语:
本回答被网友采纳