不定式作主语、补语讲解及例句

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

在语法的精妙世界中，动词不定式是一种非谓语形式，以"to do"结构呈现，它在句子中扮演着关键角色——主语或补语。让我们深入探讨这一独特的语法现象，并通过实例来领略其魅力。

一、不定式作主语的独特风采</

1. 一般主语形式</: 通过"to do"结构充当句子的主体，它如同第三人称单数，要求谓语动词相应调整为复数形式。例如：

To discern truth from fiction</ can be a daunting task, requiring keen discernment.
To meet deadlines</ when juggling multiple responsibilities is a daily challenge for many.
To innovate and adapt</ in today's rapidly evolving world is essential for success.
To possess self-awareness</ without professional training is a rare and valuable trait.

翻译时，将"to do"整体视为主语，按照主谓宾的顺序进行翻译。

2. 形式主语的优雅演绎</: 当不定式充当形式主语，其结构为"It + is + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do + 其他"。例如：

It is imperative</ for students to prioritize their sleep for optimal learning.
The act of introspection</ can be uncomfortable, yet revealing.
For a teenager, assuming responsibility</ for actions is a crucial life skill.
Swift mastery</ of a language is often an unattainable goal within a short timeframe.

二、不定式作补语的巧妙运用</

动词不定式作为补语，常用于修饰宾语，增强表达。常见的这类动词有：want, plan, advise, allow, etc.。以下是几个实例：

Parental guidance</ doesn't permit us to roam freely on the streets.
Our faith in his innocence is bolstered by the evidence pointing towards him.
Tom entreats invitations</ from classmates to his birthday bash with enthusiasm.
Despite occasional setbacks, perseverance</ in study is his teacher's constant encouragement.
We universally acknowledge</ Tom's exceptional academic standing.

通过这些实例，不定式以其灵活性和表现力，为句子增添了丰富的语义色彩。掌握这一语法技巧，无疑能让我们的表达更为精准和生动。