英语中如何区别限制性定语从句和名词性从句？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

这两者很好区分，限制性定语从句充当定语成分，名词性从句充当名词成分，两者相差很大。
如：
She has found the necklace（that）she lost two weeks ago.
前面是主句，她找到了项链；后面是限制性定语从句，怎么样的项链，她2周前丢失的项链，充当定语，修饰the necklace.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
前面是主句，我不知道；后面是名词性从句里面的宾语从句，我不知道什么，我不知道“还有没有公交车会来”。

供参考，希望能够帮到你。如有疑问欢迎追问。追问

我这有个句子，帮我分析一下动词后面的介词短语做不做宾语。
The shopkeeper did not want to sell for what he thought was not enough.
里边的to sell for… sell后边由for引导的句子是介词短语，但是介词短语是不能当sell后面的宾语的，不是吗

追答

介词短语是不能做宾语，我们应该看到sell for是动词短语，是for后面的what引导宾语从句。这里涉及句意的理解与语法的结合。只有大致了解句意才能有效拆分句子成分。当然这里sell for的用法也是一点，sell (sth.) for意思是以多少价格出售物品。整个句子意思是店主不想以他认为不够的价格出售商品。

追问

我们翻译句子的时候要不要分析句子成分后再做翻译？如何提高阅读水平？

追答

分情况，其实句子不一定要翻译出来理解，可以先理解再分析成分，也可以先分析成分加以理解。阅读水平的提高非一朝一夕能够完成，需要多做题，多总结。做题不是目的，千万不要为了多做题而忽略核对答案后的分析总结，后者才是提高的关键。既要重质也要重量。只要有心学，坚持学，阅读的提高以及英语整体水平的提高并非难事。

Answer 2

1.名词性从句
1.1 主语从句
陈述句做主语从句，引导词为that,多以it来做形式主语
e.g It is difficult that everyone can be as excellent as you.
一般疑问句做主语从句，引导词为whether.
e.g whether your decision is right is confusing most of us.
特殊疑问句做主语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词(when, where, how many, how much,等)
e.g What you have said is right definitely.
1.2 宾语从句
陈述句做宾语从句，引导词为that, 有时以it来做形式主语，that可省略。
e.g She knows that she has been wrong.
一般疑问句做宾语从句，引导词为whether或if.
e.g She asked me whether/if my homework has been finished.
特殊疑问句做宾语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词(when, where, how many, how much,等)
e.g She has known how much money I had.
1.3 表语从句
陈述句做表语从句，引导词为that, 不可省略
e.g The answer is that he has been a rich.
一般疑问句做表语从句，引导词为whether.
e.g The question is whether you have tried it or not.
特殊疑问句做表语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词 (when, where, how many, how much,等)
e.g The question is why you have been so foolish.
1.4 同位语从句
陈述句做同位语从句，引导词为that, 不可省略
e.g We all know the fact that you are a liar.
一般疑问句做同位语从句，引导词为whether
e.g The question whether you are his son is unknown
特殊疑问句做同位语从句，引导词为特殊疑问词(when, where, how many, how much,等)
e.g The question when I could come back cannot be answered now.

定语从句: 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
引导词有：that, which, who, whom, 介词+which
构成部分：先行词+引导词+从句的其他部分(其中先行词是被修饰词)
先行词的选择：
物时：which/ that
Genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool which/that will yield unprecedented
results, specifically in the field of medicine.
基因工程是一种安全和威力强大的工具，特别是在医学领域将产生史无前例的成
效。
人：who(主语或宾语)/whom（宾语）
Those people who are against mandatory retirement have the following reasons.
那些反对强制退休制度的人持有以下理由。
人和物：that
My dog and I that was trapped in the cave for several days was saved by a passer-by fortunately.
谁的：whose
The tall building whose windowed was broken was ruined in the war.
时间：when====介词+which
I look forward to a day when we can enjoy a delicious meal at your restaurant.
=I look forward to a day on which we can enjoy a delicious meal at your restaurant.
区分：I look forward to the day which is coming soon.
地点：where====介词+which
I prefer to live in a place where the climate is agreeable.
=I prefer to live in a place in which the climate is agreeable.
原因：why====介词+which
That is the reason why many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.
That is the reason for which many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.