请英语高手进来帮忙翻译,给100高分!

请高手进来帮忙翻译,那些用翻译软件混水摸鱼的就别来烦了,我不会把分给你们的!
因为字数的限制,还有一点没放上来,我会补充上来的,谢谢!

正文:
Background knowledge is an important factor that influences comprehension. Current views on listening comprehension agree that background or prior knowledge can affect listening comprehension. Cultural background knowledge, history and customs are important ones that can affect listening comprehension.

“Language is a kind of cultural expression. It is very necessary for students to know some background about English countries, such as the history, culture, customs and habits, even life styles.” [6] “Gaps in our knowledge of second language culture, of the associations and references available to native users, can present obstacles to comprehension.” [7] Many students are lack of these kinds of knowledge, so they think listening is very difficult.

For example, there are two materials of the same difficulty. One explains something about China’s Spring Festival; the other is about Thanks Giving Day of the west countries. The former is easy to understand but the latter is more difficult, why? It is clear that the students know little about the latter.

2.1.3 Motivation affecting listening

Of equal importance to the above factors is the listener’s purpose in listening. If the reason for listening is clear, comprehension becomes an easier task. For instance, “In order to check if the favorite radio program is on, as in Anderson and Lynch’s example, all the complex language input will not be taken to be comprehended.” [8] So one’s Motivation also plays an important role in listening comprehension.
2.1.4 Psychological factors

Psychological barriers mainly reflect in two aspects: the state of being too nervous or the state of being unable to focus one’s attention during listening. In regular listening practice, some students can’t concentrate on the listening content. Instead, they are absent-minded, wandering away, though they still wear their earphones. Such a state of listening, even lasting for only a few seconds, will result in broken listening, which, of course, will affect comprehension result. Some students are easy to be distracted because of being fatigued after listening for a long period. Anxiety often occurs in examination. Some students are too eager to get high marks but they are also afraid that they can’t adjust themselves to the listening material and the delivery rate. So they become too nervous and blank-minded.
再次告诫那些用软件翻译的,尤其是一楼那个ryjily,你自己读一下你的答案,中国人除了像你这种智障,恐怕找不到第二个这样翻译的了!!

正文:
Background knowledge is an important factor that influences comprehension.背景知识是一个重要的因素是影响理解。 Current views on listening comprehension agree that background or prior knowledge can affect listening comprehension.目前的意见对听力理解的同意,在这种背景下,或先验知识能影响听力理解的。 Cultural background knowledge, history and customs are important ones that can affect listening comprehension.文化背景知识,历史和习俗,是重要的,这可能影响听力理解的。

“Language is a kind of cultural expression. "语言是一种文化的表达。 It is very necessary for students to know some background about English countries, such as the history, culture, customs and habits, even life styles.” [6] “Gaps in our knowledge of second language culture, of the associations and references available to native users, can present obstacles to comprehension.” [7] Many students are lack of these kinds of knowledge, so they think listening is very difficult.这是非常必要的,让学生知道一些背景对英语国家,如历史,文化,风俗和习惯,甚至生活方式" [ 6 ] "弥补我们知识的第二语言,文化,在该协会和参考资料供本土用户,可目前的障碍,以理解" [ 7 ]很多学生都缺乏这种知识,使他们觉得听力是非常困难的。

For example, there are two materials of the same difficulty.举例来说,有两个材料,同样的困难。 One explains something about China’s Spring Festival; the other is about Thanks Giving Day of the west countries.其中一个解释一下中国的春节;另一个是关于感恩节的西方国家。 The former is easy to understand but the latter is more difficult, why?前者是很容易理解的,但后者比前者更困难的,为什么呢? It is clear that the students know little about the latter.这清楚显示,学生知之不多了后者。

2.1.3 Motivation affecting listening 2.1.3动机影响听力

Of equal importance to the above factors is the listener’s purpose in listening.同样重要的,以上述因素,是听众的目的,在听。 If the reason for listening is clear, comprehension becomes an easier task.如果理由听清楚,理解成为一个比较容易的任务。 For instance, “In order to check if the favorite radio program is on, as in Anderson and Lynch’s example, all the complex language input will not be taken to be comprehended.” [8] So one’s Motivation also plays an important role in listening comprehension.举例来说, "为了退房,如果喜爱的电台节目,是对,因为在安德森和林奇的例子,所有复杂的语言输入,将不被视为理解" , [ 8 ] ,使一个人的动机也起着重要的作用,在听力理解的。
问题补充: 2.1.4 Psychological factors 问题补充: 2.1.4心理因素

Psychological barriers mainly reflect in two aspects: the state of being too nervous or the state of being unable to focus one’s attention during listening. 心理障碍,主要反映在两个方面:状态过于紧张或状态,无法集中自己的注意力,在听。 In regular listening practice, some students can’t concentrate on the listening content. 在经常性听力训练中,有些学生无法专心听讲内容。 Instead, they are absent-minded, wandering away, though they still wear their earphones. 相反,他们都是心不在焉,游荡距离,但他们仍佩戴耳塞。 Such a state of listening, even lasting for only a few seconds, will result in broken listening, which, of course, will affect comprehension result. 这种状况不听,甚至是持久的,只有短短几秒钟,将导致破碎听,其中,当然会影响理解的结果。 Some students are easy to be distracted because of being fatigued after listening for a long period. 有些学生很容易分心,因为被疲倦听完相当长的时期。 Anxiety often occurs in examination. 焦虑往往发生在考试。 Some students are too eager to get high marks but they are also afraid that they can’t adjust themselves to the listening material and the delivery rate. 有些学生太渴望得到高分,但他们也担心,他们不能调整自己去适应听力材料,并交付率。 So they become too nervous and blank-minded. 因此,他们变得过于紧张和空白的头脑。
再次告诫那些用软件翻译的,尤其是一楼那个ryjily,你自己读一下你的答案,中国人除了像你这种智障,恐怕找不到第二个这样翻译的了!! 再次告诫那些用软件翻译的,尤其是一楼那个ryjily ,你自己读一下你的答案,中国人除了像你这种智障,恐怕找不到第二个这样翻译的了!
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2008-04-13
背景知识是影响文章理解的一个重要因素。关于听力理解的主流观点认为文章背景和受者先验知识可能对听力材料的理解产生影响。文化背景知识,历史、风俗的因素都可能对听力理解产生重要影响。

语言是文化的一种表达。学生们非常有必要去了解一些英语语言国家的背景,如历史、文化、风俗习惯、甚至生活方式。 (我们语言中的非母语语言文化与本族语联系及关联使用的差异体现了)当前理解的最大障碍。很多学生在这方面知识的缺乏造成了他们的理解困难。

举个例子,这里有两个同等难度的实例。其中一个是详细介绍一下中国的春节;另一个则是关于西方国家的感恩节。前者是很容易办到的,但后者相对更难,为什么呢?这充分说明学生对后者的东西知之甚少。

(注:我对扩号中的语句翻译的很不成功,不过现在有急事,回来有空再好好推敲推敲啊!不好意思了!)本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答  2008-04-13
背景知识是一个重要的因素是影响理解。目前的意见对听力理解的同意,在这种背景下,或先验知识能影响听力理解的。文化背景知识,历史和习俗,是重要的,这可能影响听力理解的。"语言是一种文化的表达。这是非常必要的,让学生知道一些背景对英语国家,如历史,文化,风俗和习惯,甚至生活方式" [ 6 ] "弥补我们知识的第二语言,文化,在该协会和参考资料供本土用户,可目前的障碍,以理解" [ 7 ]很多学生都缺乏这种知识,使他们觉得听力是非常困难的。举例来说,有两个材料,同样的困难。其中一个解释一下中国的春节;另一个是关于感恩节的西方国家。前者是很容易理解的,但后者比前者更困难的,为什么呢?这清楚显示,学生知之不多了后者。2.1.3动机影响听力同等重要的,以上述因素,是听众的目的,在听。如果理由听清楚,理解成为一个比较容易的任务。举例来说, "为了退房,如果喜爱的电台节目,是对,因为在安德森和林奇的例子,所有复杂的语言输入,将不被视为理解" , [ 8 ] ,使一个人的动机也起着重要的作用,在听力理解的。心理障碍,主要反映在两个方面:状态过于紧张或状态,无法集中自己的注意力,在听。在经常性听力训练中,有些学生无法专心听讲内容。相反,他们都是心不在焉,流浪远离,尽管他们仍然佩戴耳塞。这种状况不听,甚至是持久的,只有短短几秒钟,将导致破碎听,其中,当然会影响理解的结果。有些学生很容易分心,因为被疲倦听完相当长的时期。焦虑往往发生在考试有些学生太渴望得到高分,但他们也担心,他们不能调整自己去适应听力材料,并交付率。因此,他们变得过于紧张和空白的头脑。连贯性和准确性,听力无法保证在这类国家。
第3个回答  2008-04-13
背景知识是一个重要的因素是影响理解。目前的意见对听力理解的同意,在这种背景下,或先验知识能影响听力理解的。文化背景知识,历史和习俗,是重要的,这可能影响听力理解的。

"语言是一种文化的表达。这是非常必要的,让学生知道一些背景对英语国家,如历史,文化,风俗和习惯,甚至生活方式" [ 6 ] "弥补我们知识的第二语言,文化,在该协会和参考资料供本土用户,可目前的障碍,以理解" [ 7 ]很多学生都缺乏这种知识,使他们觉得听力是非常困难的。

举例来说,有两个材料,同样的困难。其中一个解释一下中国的春节;另一个是关于感恩节的西方国家。前者是很容易理解的,但后者比前者更困难的,为什么呢?这清楚显示,学生知之不多了后者。

2.1.3动机影响听力

同样重要的,以上述因素,是听众的目的,在听。如果理由听清楚,理解成为一个比较容易的任务。举例来说, "为了退房,如果喜爱的电台节目,是对,因为在安德森和林奇的例子,所有复杂的语言输入,将不被视为理解" , [ 8 ] ,使一个人的动机也起着重要的作用,在听力理解的。
第4个回答  2008-04-13
214 心理因素

心理障碍主要体现在两方面:紧张状态和注意力无法集中。在常规的听力训练里,一些学生无法集中注意力。相反的,他们心不在焉,虽然是带着耳机。这种听力状态,虽然只持续一两秒,也会破环整个听力过程,甚至会影响听力理解。一些学生很容易分心,要么是在长时间的听力后感觉疲劳。心理紧张经常发生在考试中。一些学生太想拿到好成绩,却不能调整自己跟上听力广播的速度。于是变得很紧张,脑袋里一片空白。
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