求教高中非谓语动词的概念和用法既相关语法知识

如题所述

1.非谓语动词作定语的区别
(1)不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语,其区别是:不定式作定语通常指将要发生的动作;现在
分词作定语指正进行的、主动的动作;过去分词作定语指已经完成的、被动的动作。
I have three letters to write.我有三封信要写。
Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the first
row?
你认识坐在第一排中间的那个人吗?
Have you read any short stories translated by Lu Xun?
你读过鲁迅先生翻译的小说吗?
试比较:
The meeting being held now is of great importance.
正在召开的会议很重要。
The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.
昨天召开的会议很重要。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要召开的会议很重要。
①“being+形容词”不能用作后置
定语。
Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here
( X)
Anyone who is fit for this job can sign your name
here.(√)
任何胜任这项工作的人都可以在这里签名。
②“having done”和“having been done”不能用作后
置定语。
The building having been built is our library.(×)
The building built is our library.(√)
那幢已经建好的楼是我们的图书馆。
(2)动名词和现在分词都可以作定语。其区别是:
名词只能作前置定语,用来说明被修饰的名词的用
途或类别,相当于for短语。现在分词作定语,表示与
所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个定语
从句;可作前置定语,也可作后置定语。
a sleeping boy(=a boy who is sleeping) -个正
在睡觉的男孩(现在分词)
a sleeping bag(=a bag for sleeping)睡袋(动名词)
a waiting car(=a car which is waiting)-辆正
在等候的车(现在分词)
a waiting room(=a room for waiting)候车/候诊
室(动名词)
2.非谓语动词作宾朴的区别
(1)感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,notice,
hear,listen to,feel等后面的宾补有三种形式,即动词不
定式(不带to),现在分词和过去分词。动词不定式(不
带to)表主动和完成;现在分词表主动和正在进行;过
去分词表被动和完成。
We heard her singing next door.
我们听到她在隔壁唱歌。(主动进行)
We heard her often sing next door.
我们听到她常在隔壁唱歌。(主动完成)
We heard the song sung by her.
我们听见这首歌被她唱过。(被动完成)
We heard the song being sung next door.
我们听见隔壁有人正唱这首歌。(被动进行)
(2) have,get表示“使,让,叫”之意时,可接动词不
定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾补。
①have sb. do sth.=get sb. to do sth.
使/让/叫某人去做某事
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买盐。
I can't get him to stop smoking. He won't listen to me.
我不能使他戒烟,他不听我的话。
②have sb./sth. doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事
get。b./sth. doing使某人/物开始行动起来The boss had the workers working day and night.
老板让工人夜以继日地干活。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front
after a short rest.休息了片刻以后,上尉让士兵们开始
朝前线行进。
“have sb.doing”用于否定句中,其中
have有“容忍”之意。
1 won't have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
③have sth.done= get sth. done使/让某事由某人去

Did you have/get your homework finished?
作业做完了吗?(自己做)
Now let's have all the windows cleaned.现在咱们来
擦洗所有的窗户。(自己和别人一块做)
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
昨天我找人修好了电脑。(找人修理)
此外,have sth. done还表示“使遭受……”之意。
She had her money stolen on the bus.
在公交车上她的钱被偷了。(遭遇某种情况)使役动词make后面的宾补有动词
不定式(不带t。)和过去分词两种形式,分别表示和宾语之间是主动和被动关系;使役动词let后面的宾补
有:动词不定式(不带to)和be done,分别表示和宾语之间是主动和被动关系。这条坏消息让他哭了。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高声音为了让别人听到他。
Let's go home together.我们一起回家吧。
We will not let our history and culture be destroyed
我们不会让我们的历史和文化被毁灭的。
(3)1。av。后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,意为
“使……处于某种状态”。
r sth. /sb. doing sth.让某物/某人一直做某事
leave
(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主
动关系,表示动作正在进行)
sth. undone留下某事未做(宾语与宾语补
足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动
和完成,一般以undone ,unfinished,unsettled,
untouched为多)
sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事(不定式表示
sth.to be done留下某事要做将来的动作)
It's wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because
they didn't taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动,
因为它们不可口。(被动,完成)
He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。(主动,将来)
We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了
很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)
3.非谓语动词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别:现在分词
与过去分词作状语时,有一条原则必须遵守,即其逻辑
主语应当与句子的主语一致,现在分词与主语之间是
主动关系,过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。
Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for
help.由于不知做什么,他去找父母帮忙。
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
试比较:
Looking around,there was no one nearby.(×)
(look around的逻辑主语不应是no one,故本句不
成立。)
Looking around,l found there was no one nearby.
(√)
我环视了一下四周,结果附近没有人。
①作时间状语时,过去分词如果同
时表示被动和完成,常可换用现在分词的被动完成式;
过去分词如果只表被动,不表完成,则不可。
Read many times(=Having been read many times),
the crabbed story seems much easier.
读过多遍,这个深奥的故事似乎变得浅显了。(表
示被动和完成)
Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more
beautiful.
从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。(表被动)
当分词短语作状语时,出现for+时
间段,already,次数等词时,分词短语用having done,
having been done。
Having waited in the queue for a long time,he realized that he had left his wallet at home.他排了很长时间
的队之后,意识到把钱包丢在家了。
②“being+ adj./m”只表原因,作原因状语。
Being ill,he didn't go to school.
因为他生病了,所以他没有去上学。
③有些及物动词的过去分词形容词化了,并不强
调被动的意味,而主要表示一种状态或结果。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
相似回答