《出师表》
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，
益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎
郭攸之、费祎、
董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军
向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，
躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益 ，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言。深追先帝遗诏，臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。研讨与练习
一、本文辞情恳切，感人肺腑。参考例句，标示出下面语句的停顿之处。朗读并背诵课文。
例句：先帝创业未半/而中道崩殂，今/天下三分，益州/疲弊，此诚/危急存亡之秋也。
1.然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。
2.若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
3.侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。
4.愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
二、课文中
诸葛亮就国内政治问题向后主
刘禅提出了哪几条建议？其中哪一条是主要的？为什么？
三、诸葛亮在我国是家喻户晓的人物，有关他的事迹、传说、俗语还有很多。课外搜索有关资料，以“千秋诸葛我评说”为题写段作文。
"The model"
First emperor not half and the middle road venture Cu collapse, three points today, yizhou exhausted the disadvantages, and the sincere critical the autumn of survival. But the princes of the guards in unremitting, loyal and volunteers in the body of the left, with the first emperor's cover when, to quote to your majesty. Honesty is holy to open, and light first emperor's testament, draws the breath of the person, not undermine your worth by comparing yourself to lead yu righteousness lost to plug the road bigan died also.
Palaces in the house, all for one, the Zhi penalty the comments on different, unfavorable similarities and differences. If there is ZuoGanFanKe and good for loyalty, appropriate pay of its punishment to admire the ticket in witness thereof, your majesty right of the citizens, unfavorable favoritism, make the inside and outside also of the vision.
Page ShiLang guo, manage, FeiYi, such as the DongYun, this is good solid, volunteers were loyal pure, is the first emperor Jane to pull off your majesty. Wise thought of palace, ShiWuDaXiao, bore to the client, then performed, will be able to BiBu que leak, have wide interests.
The general to pets, accomplishment, sex are, XiaoChang military, try out at once, the first emperor called yue can, is for them against the pet for. Wise thought camp, to the client note, will make the trip array can live in peace, which merits.
Kiss good minister, far a mean person, the first Chinese so is thriving also; Pro SIMS, far Yin subject, and then pour han so overcame also. The first emperor, each of the matter and subject, did not hate YuHuan, spirit also sigh. Shi, long history, to join the army, and so on, the good it minister fiona were dead section, let your majesty kiss of faith, is the han room long, can plan for day and also.
I this cloth, GongGeng in nanyang, GouQuan lives in troubled times, BuQiuWenDa in governors. I don't mean to first emperor, Wei from waste bend and three GuChen in grass of scarce, client to the other contemporary, by is grateful, hence XuXian emperor to flooding chi. Value after the overthrow, to be appointed as the debacle, were ordered in danger, between a year's 20 to do.
The emperor knows first minister careful, so I send the collapse in important event also. Since the mandated, SuYe sorrow sigh, fear not entrust effect, wound the first emperor Ming, so may come filter, the thorough barren. Today the south have already set BingJia is enough, when armed forces award rate, north central plains will succeed NuDun fountain, RangChu GanXiong, xing after han room, also in JiuDou. The minister for emperor loyalty first and so your majesty of the office also. As for referring to the profit and loss, and into all advice, the health of the Yi, azerbaijan, as also.
Let your majesty's minister for a thief to the complex effect, not effect, the minister for the crime, tell of the spirit of the first emperor. Without the words of Germany, the responsibility of health, Yi, azerbaijan and slow to blame the public; Your majesty also should seek to Zou clients good way, ChaNaYaYan. First YiZhao deep after emperor, I would be well appreciated.
Today when away from, the table tears, don't know said.Discussion and practice
A, this language feeling earnestly, and touching. Reference example, posted a pause in the statement. To read and to recite the text.
Example: the first emperor venture not half/and the middle road caved Cu, today/all three points, yizhou/exhausted the disadvantages, and the sincere/critical the autumn of survival.
1. But the guards in it minister unremitting, loyal and volunteers in the body of the left, with the first emperor's cover when, to quote to your majesty.
2. If there is ZuoGanFanKe and good for loyalty, appropriate pay of its punishment to admire the ticket in witness thereof, your majesty right of the citizens, unfavorable favoritism, make the inside and outside also of the vision.
3. In ShiLang guo togeher page, the FeiYi, DongYun, etc, this is good solid, volunteers were loyal pure, is the first emperor Jane to pull off your majesty.
4. Wise thought of camp, to the client note, will make the trip array can live in peace, which merits.
Second, the text is domestic political problem to zhuge liang to save liu chan puts forward several Suggestions which? Which one is the main? Why?
Three, zhuge liang in our country is household names, about his deeds, legends, saying a lot. Extracurricular search relevant material, with "years various ge I address" for write period of composition.