专题三 代词
I、重点难点解析
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
代词类别 例 词 功 能
人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 只做主语
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 做及物动词或介词的宾语
物主代词 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 只做定语
名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 做主语、宾语、表语
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 做宾语、同位语、表语
指示代词 this, that, these, those 做主语、宾语、定语、表语
相互代词 each other, one another 做宾语
疑问代词 who, whom, what, which, whose, etc. 引出疑问句
关系代词 that, who, whom, whose, etc. 连接定语从句
不定代词 some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybody, etc. 视情况而定，一般的可做定语、主语、宾语等
下面举例说明，其中疑问代词见“句子种类”，关系代词见“定语从句”。一 人称代词的用法
1 作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English.
2 在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it? It’s me. 但有时用主格。
If I were she, I would’t go there.
It was I who told him about it.
二 物主代词的用法
1．形容词性物主代词——只作定语：
This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.2．名词性物主代词
所作成分 例句
1 作主语 This is her coat. Mine is over there.
2 宾语 Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours ?
3 表语 This book isn’t mine; it’s Tom’s.
说明：
① 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：
Jack took off his coat and went to bed.
杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。
② “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：
Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.
我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。三 反身代词
所作成分 例句
1 宾语 动宾 Tom taught himself Chinese.
介宾 She loves me for myself, not for my money.
2 表语 She is not quite herself today. （be oneself: 身心自在）
3 同位语 I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs.四 指示代词的用法
1.时空的差别 e.g. There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？
2. This 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别。E.g.
I shall say this to you: he is a poor man.
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.
3.that 和 those 用于表比较的结构。
The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown.
TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.
4. 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你.
五 不定代词的用法
可数 one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few
不可数 much, (a) little
可数不可数 none, any, other, all, some
复合不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing
1．none, no one, nothing 的用法区别
1）none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如：
— How many people are there in the room now ?
— None.
— Who is in the room ?
— No one / nobody
2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。
2. each 和every
1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：
The tickets each cost ten dollars.
这些票每张十美元。（each 作同位语，不能用costs）
2) every 还可表示“每……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。
every year or two 每一两年
every now and then 时常
every other day 每隔一天
Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。
one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车
3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表
不定代词 意义 用法说明
another 任何一个，另一个 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：
I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.
other 另外的 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day。
the other 两者中的
另一个 常与one 连用，构成：one … the other… 一个……另一个……；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
others 泛指别的
人或物 是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some…others…
the others 特指其余
的人或物 是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。
4． Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法
都 任何 都不
两者 both either neither
两者（以上） all any none
如：
1) I had to buy all these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
2) It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails.
3) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.
4) — Which of the three ways shall take to the village ?
— Any way as you please.
5) We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any.
5.one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those
one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数/不可数名词。如：
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen.
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen.
The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk.
The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.6.it 的用法
用法说明 例句
1 用作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物 This is not my book. It is Mary’s.
2 用来代替指示代词this 或that ①— What’s this ? — It is a dictionary.
②— Whose jacket is that ? — It is hers.3 指人 ①— Who is knocking at the door ? — It’s me.
②The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother.
4 指时间、距离、天气、环境等 ①— What’s the time now ? — It’s ten past eight.
②It’s getting colder and colder now.
③It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to the school.
④It was very quiet at the moment.5 指代前面整个句子的内容 Our team won the football match. Have you heard about it ?
6 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面跟上it 然后再跟从句，其从句作it 的同位语 ①I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
② I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
③ I like it in autumn when the weather is clear ad bright.
7 （未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的）那件事、那种情况 ①How is it ( = you life, work ) going ?
②— Do you like it here ?
— Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
8 it 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主语从句、宾语从句。
①It’s impossible to get there in time.
②I find it strange that she doesn’t want to go.
II、实战演练
一、用适当的代词填空．使其意思和结构完整：
1. We couldn't eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us.
2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have
3. Although he is wealthy, he spends on clothes.
4. -- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
-- I'm afraid day is possible.
5. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay 15 dollars.
6. -- Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
-- If you keep still, you can sit at end.
7. These plants are watered (每两天).
8. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ______ money and ______ people.
9. There are a lot of trees on side of the square.
10. You will not see the animals in winter.
二、用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整:
1. The weather was very sunny the following day, was what we had expected.
2. I have finished reading all the books were borrowed from the school library.
3. Is this the second time you have been to Guangzhou?
4. is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop.
5. Can you think of another example this phrase can be used?
6. The train on he is traveling is late.
7. Do you still remember the happy days we spent together in Beijing?
8. I have bought the same skirt she is wearing.
9. Is this the reason he is late again?
10. Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone family was very poor,
11. l, am your best friend, will help you out.
12. The dam' will come the people all over the world will win liberation.
13. The students are talking about the strange people and stories they met in the adventure.
14. He is the very man in pocket I found my lost money.
15. I have a picture bv a famous painter was sent to me for my birthday. 三、语法填空：用适当的代词填空。
One day, as Zeng Zi’s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with 1 .
“Stay home,” the mother said to him. “When 2 return, we’ll kill a pig for 3 dinner!”
When she came back, 4 found Zeng Zi preparing to slaughter a pig for the child’s meal. She hurried over to stop 5 : What are you doing? You’re not really going to kill a pig, are you? I was just kidding him!”
“How can 6 lie to children?” Zeng Zi replied. “ 7 learn each and 8 movement from 9 parents. If 10 deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Zeng Zi killed the pig.
答案：
一．用适当的代词填空．使其意思和结构完整：
1. none; any 2. one 3. little 4. neither 5. another 6.either 7. every other day 8. less; fewer
9. every 10. all
二． 用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整:
1. which 2. that 3. that 4. As 5 .where 6 .which 7. that/which 8. as 9 .why 10 .whose 11. who
12. when 13. that 14 .whose 15 .that/which
三、 1. her 2. I 3. your 4. she 5. him 6. we 7. They 8. every 9. their 10. you
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