状语从句,是从句的形式做状语,修饰的是主句的谓语动词。
而定语从句,是从句的形式做定语,修饰的是主句中的某个名词、代词。
从句修饰主句中的名词性成分的是定语从句。
定语从句:who,whom,that 这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)the prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside..农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which / that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which / that在从句中作宾语)
(只用作定语)
“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿.(“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲)
He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的.(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语.
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语是可以省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]
2.不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置.
3.代表物时多这时的that常被省略;
c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“wh”行
关系副词:在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/…… which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.“where”是关系代词,当然也不用“that”引导.
By the time when you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks.到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期.
I still remember where I met her for the first time.我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方.
Each time when he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc.他每次出差都带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西.
3.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头.
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you.这里有人要和你说话.
分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.
状语从句:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当.例如:
1.Naturally ,our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call .(副词)
2.We worked hard ,from sunrise to sunset .(介词状短语)
3.To help my disabled aunt ,I spend an hour working in her house every day .(不定式)
4.Seen from a distance ,the farmhouse looked deserted .(过去分词)
5.I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .(原因状语从句)
状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中.enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。
在英语中:
定语,就是限定和或修饰名词、代词用的。eg.This my book.中的my是这个句子中的定语,用来修饰后面的名词book.
状语,就是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者是整个句子的。比如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语……eg.I met my old friend yesterday中的yesterday就是一个时间状语。
相应的,定语从句、状语从句只不过是在上述情况当中,充当定语或者状语成分是一个句子,而非词而已。标准的语法书里,则通常这样描述:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。在复合句中,充当主句状语的从句叫状语从句。
eg.(1)When he came to see me,I was reading a newspaper.此句就是一个
由when引导的就是一个时间状语从句。
(2)This is the time that I waited so long.此句就是一个定语从句,
the time是先行词,而that做的是关系代词。
1.定语。用来修饰名词。(通俗一点,相当于我们中文里面的形容词,比如,这是一只白的猫。白的是定语。同理,This is a white cat.这里的white就是定语)
定语从句就是用一个句子来充当了定语的成分而不是一个单词,还是用上面的句子,改写一下:This is a cat which is white.(这里的which is white就是一个定语从句来修饰了cat)
2.状语。种类比较多,表示时间,地点,目的,结果的。。。
状语从句有很多种:(一下可以参考百度百科或是语法书整理,每个给你举了一种)
1. 时间状语从句
When I see you,I`m glad.(when i see you 就是时间状语从句,下面得就自己推吧,不会我在和你解释。)
2.地点状语从句
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3. 原因状语从句
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
4. 目的状语从句
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
5. 结果状语从句
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6. 条件状语从句
We’ll start our project if the president agrees
7. 让步状语从句
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind。
8. 比较状语从句
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
9. 方式状语从句
She behaved as if she were the boss.
状语从句,是从句的形式做状语,修饰的是主句的谓语动词
而定语从句,是从句的形式做定语,修饰的是主句中的某个名词、代词
区分的话,简单的说,从句修饰主句谓语的是状语从句
从句修饰主句中的名词性成分的,是定语从句.
如:I still remember the day when she 1st came to school.(定语从句,修饰先行词the day)
I stopped eating when she came in.(状语从句,修饰stopped)