虚拟语气的详细用法

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

一、 使用虚拟语气的场合：当要说的话不是事实,或是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实
　　　　相反的假设时就使用虚拟语气。
　二、 一般的虚拟语气的句式：If…+主句（=主句+if从句）
　　　其谓语形式为： If从句主句与过去事实相反had donewould/might/could/should have done与现在事实相反didwould/might/could/should do与将来事实相反（1） did（2） should do（3） were to do would/might/could/should doNote：1、主句中的should只用于主语是第一人称时,would,might,could可用于任何人称,根据意思的需要选用
2、条件从句的动词如果是be,其过去式所有人称无论单、复数都用were　三、含蓄虚拟语气：有时虚拟条件不通过条件从句,而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来,这种句子叫含蓄语气句.如：① The gifts to him would have filled a railway car.
　　　② I could not have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.
（=I could not have lived through Christmas if I had not given you a present.）　四、虚拟语气的倒装：把引导虚拟语气条件从句的if省略,再把were,had或should提于句首,进行部分倒装.
如：① Had you arrived 5 minutes earlier, you could have seen him off.
　　（=If you had arrived 5 minutes earlier, you could have seen him off.）
　　② Were she not so busy, she would come to help us.
　　（=If she were not so busy, she would come to help us.）
　　③ Had it not been for Chairman Mao, we labouring people could never have stood up.
　　(=If it had not been for Chairman Mao, we labouring people could never　have stood up.)　五、虚拟语气的其他用法：
　⑴ suggest,propose,advise,recommend,order,insist,require,request,demand等动词后的宾语从句
　　　及　suggestion,proposal,advice,recommendation,order,idea等名词后的表语从句或同位语
　　　用＂(should)+动原＂的虚拟语气.
　⑵ It is necessary/strange/natural/better/important后的从句用＂(should)+动原＂的虚拟语气.
　⑶ It is time及would rather后的从句用过去时态形式的虚拟语气.
　⑷ wish后的宾从、as if/as though后的从句使用时态降级形式的虚拟语气.
　⑸ even if/even though从句的虚拟方法同于 if从句. 虚拟语气经典句型 关键词： 虚拟语气 0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型1：表示对现在的假设If+were/did/(动词过去式)，主语+would/might/should/could+doIf I were you, I would not be so proud.如果我是你，我不会如此自负。I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.我没有手机，如果有的话，和别人联系就方便多了。If I were in your position, I would think better of it.如果我处在你现在的境地，我会重新考虑的。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型2：表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设If+had done，主语+would/might/should/could+have doneWhat a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended it, you would have seen the famous singer.真遗憾你昨天没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，你就会见到那位名歌手。Anyone in his position would have done the same.=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.无论谁处在他当时的境地都会像他那样做的。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型3：表示对将来的假设If+were/did/(动词过去式)/should/were to do，主语+would/might/should/could+doIf we were to panic, we would not be able to give proper first aid.如果我们惊慌的话，我们就不能进行急救了。If it were to rain(=Should it rain=Rained) tomorrow, we would not go for a picnic.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野炊了。If you shouldn't pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?万一你高考不中，你该怎么办？0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型4：if onlyif only引起的感叹句，相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”，意为“但愿......，要是......就好了”。If only he could come!要是他能来就好了。If only we students didn't have so much homework!要是没有那么多作业该多好！If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam!我当时没有那么粗心就好了！0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型5：要不是......；如果不是......If it were not for ... (=Were it not for ...)If it hadn't been for ... (=Had it not been for ...)If it hadn't been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn't have been saved.要不是有意志坚定的船长，船上的乘客就不会得救。If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn't live so easy a life.要不是因为你有钱的父母，你的生活不会如此安逸。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型6：but for, but thatbut for+名词和but that+从句，意为“倘若不是，要不是”，接虚拟语气。But for the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of Chia couldn't have been founded.=If it hadn't been for the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of China couldn't have been founded.没有共产党，就没有新中国。But for the air and water, nothing could survive.=If there were not air and water, nothing could survive.没有空气和水，什么都不能存活。She could not have believed it, but that she saw it.若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型7在suggest, proplse, insist, demand, require, request, order等表示建议、要求、命令的(动词后接的)名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+(should)+动词原形。Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed at 9 o'clock.（宾语从句）Many hospitals recommended that we use the letter DR ABC to remember what to do when giving first aid.（宾语从句）It was required that children (should) be sent to school when they reach the age for school.（主语从句）The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.（表语从句）0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型8it's necessary/important that sb. should do..., should可以省略With the society developing very fast, it's quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer.随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。It's necessary that John take the exam first.约翰有必要先参加考试。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型9it's strange/a pity/surprising that sb. should do..., should表示“竟然”It's a pity that she should miss the chance to go abroad.很遗憾她错过了这次出国的机会。It's really surprising that a prophecy (预言) should coincide with the fact so exactly.令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。It's strange that he shouldn't pass the exam.奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型10：wish+宾语从句，表示不大可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语+动词过去式；表示过去的愿望：主语+had+过去分词；表示将来的愿望：主语+would(could)+动词原形。How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves!I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing.What a pity you can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party.0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型11：It's (high/about) time that sb. did/should do ...早就该.....It's time that we took action and did our bits for the AIDS patients.=It's time that we should take action and do our bits for the AIDS patients.我们早就该行动起来,为爱滋病人尽我们的一份力。It's high time that we did something to improve our environment.我们早该为环保做些事情了。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型12：表示愿望would rather that sb. did ...“宁愿...；更愿意...”，表示现在或将来的愿望；would rather that sb. had done ...“宁愿...；更愿意...”，表示过去的愿望。I'd rather you posted the letter right away.我想让你现在去寄信。I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.我倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。I'd rather that I hadn't seen her.我情愿没有见到她。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image.height*510/image.width;}}">句型13：as ifas if(though)+主语+did/had done...表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.班主任老师对待我们就像对待自己的孩子，因此班里所有的学生都对她有很高的评价。Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过似的。All too often, people treat AIDS patients as if they were bad or dangerous.通常情况下，人们对待爱滋病人就好像他们是坏人或高危人群。