ãã æåå¦å¼åäºä¸å½ãå
Œ
å100å¹´ï¼è®¸æ
å表ã说æ解åãï¼é说âå
书âåçï¼è¿æ¯æåå¦çå¼ç«¯ãå¤ä»£ç§°âå°å¦âï¼æ¸
æ«ç§°âæåå¦âï¼1950年代称âæ±åå¦âï¼è®¤è¯åå±ï¼æ¯è¯æ£åã1980年代ä»âåå²æ±åå¦âä¸ååºâç°ä»£æ±åå¦âã综åç 究æ±è¯åéæ±è¯çæ±åç±»åæåï¼å½¢æâ广ä¹æ±åå¦âãä»æ¬å½æåæ©å¤§å°ä¸çæåï¼å½¢æâ人类æåå¦âï¼å¹¶ä»ä¸ååºâæ¯è¾æåå¦âãæåå¦çè§ééæ¥æ©å¤§ï¼éåºå
¨çåæ¶ä»£çç¥è¯è¦æ±ã
ãã
ãã æ±åæ§è´¨é®é¢
ãã
ãã æè¿ä¸å½è¯æçèä½ä¸é½æå
³äºâæ±åæ§è´¨âç讨论ï¼è¿æ¯æ±åå¦çä¸é¡¹æ°è¿å±ãå¯æ¯âæ±åæ§è´¨âæ¯ä»ä¹å¢ï¼èå¹æãäºåä¸çºªçç°ä»£æ±åç 究ãä¸ä»ç»äºä¸åå¤ä½ä¸å¤å¦è
ç说æ³ã
ãã
ãã ä¸å½æâå
书说âï¼æ示ã象形ã形声ãä¼æã转注ãååã西æ´æâä¸ä¹¦è¯´âï¼æ符ãé³ç¬¦ãå®ç¬¦ï¼è®°å·ï¼ãâå
书说âåâä¸ä¹¦è¯´âé½æ¯å¯¹å个æå符å·çåæ说æãä»å¤©ç 究çâæ±åæ§è´¨âæ¯å¯¹æ´ä¸ªæåä½ç³»ç综å说æã
ãã
ãã å¦è
çä¼å¤è¯´æ³ï¼ç»è¿å½çº³åç±»ï¼å¾å°ç²ä¹ä¸¤ç±»ï¼ç²ç±»ä»¥æ±åæ代表çâè¯è¨æ®µè½âä½ä¸ºæ ¹æ®ï¼ä¹ç±»ä»¥æ±åçâ表达æ¹æ³âä½ä¸ºæ ¹æ®ï¼æ¯ç±»ååå 个å°ç»ï¼
ãã
ãã ç²ç±»ï¼ä»¥âè¯è¨æ®µè½âä½ä¸ºæ ¹æ®ï¼å为ä¸ä¸ªå°ç»ï¼
ãã
ãã ï¼1ï¼è¯è¯æåã称为ï¼è¯ç´ æåãè¯ç¬¦æåã表è¯æåã表è¯åãæåºè
ï¼èµµå
ä»»ãç伯çãæ ¼å°ä¼¯ãä¼æ¯ç¹æãå¸é¾è²å°å¾·ãï¼æ ¹æ®é»é¦ççæå¡ï¼æâè¯â说æâè¯è¯âï¼åé³èåï¼ä¸åï¼
ãã
ãã ï¼2ï¼è¯è¯åé³èæåã称为ï¼è¯ç´ æåï¼å
æ¬æè¯è¯ç´ åä¸æè¯è¯ç´ ï¼ãè¯ç´ ï¼é³èæåãé³èï¼è¯ç´ æåãæåºè
ï¼ååæ¹ãæ±å¾·çãæè£ãèå¹æãåé§é¡ãå¶è声ãå¾éå°ãä¼æ庸ãå¸å°ãæ¡æ®æ£®ãå¾·èå
ã
ãã
ãã ï¼3ï¼é³èæåãæåºè
ï¼å¼ å¿å
‹
ãã
ãã ä¹ç±»ï¼ä»¥â表达æ¹æ³âä½ä¸ºæ ¹æ®ï¼å为å
个å°ç»ã
ãã
ãã ï¼4ï¼è¡¨å½¢æåã称为ï¼å½¢ç¬¦æåãè¡å½¢æåã象形æåãæåºè
ï¼å§äº®å¤«ãäºä¸ãå´çç« ã
ãã
ãã ï¼5ï¼è¡¨ææåã称为ï¼è¡¨æä½ç³»æåãè¡æç³»ç»æåãæåºè
ï¼ç´¢ç»ªå°ãæ¢ä¸æ±ãå¶æ¥å¼ºãé»ä¼¯è£ãå»åºä¸ãçå¤é³ã
ãã
ãã ï¼6ï¼è¡¨é³æåãæåºè
ï¼å§åéã
ãã
ãã ï¼7ï¼è¡¨å½¢å表ææåã称为âå ä¹æå½¢âï¼åå¯å½å
¥è¡¨ææåãæåºè
ï¼çå®ã
ãã
ãã ï¼8ï¼è¡¨æå表é³æåã称为âæé³æåãé³ä¹ç³»æåãæåºè
ï¼å¾é¶ä¸ãå¨æå
ãè£é¡åã
ãã
ãã ï¼9ï¼è¡¨é³å表形æåã称为ï¼å½¢é³æåãæåºè
ï¼ååè¾ã
ãã
ãã ä¼è¯´çº·çºï¼å«æç¹å¤ï¼æä¼¼åèå®å¼ï¼æä¼¼å¼èå®åï¼å½çº³åç±»ï¼åå
¶è¦æ¨ã
ãã
ãã æ±åæ§è´¨çæ°æ¢ç´¢
ãã
ãã ä»ä¸é¢â两类ä¹å°ç»âç说æ³æ¥çï¼æè°âæ±åæ§è´¨âé½æ¯æçæåä½ç³»çâç¹å¾âãæ¶éæåä½ç³»çç¹å¾å¹¶æå®ä»¬åé¨å«ç±»ææ¯ç 究ï¼è¿æ¯âæåç±»åå¦âçä»»å¡ãâ两类ä¹å°ç»âè·æåç±»åå¦çâä¸ç¸åç±»æ³âä¸çâ两ç¸âå®å
¨ç¬¦åãè¿ä¸ªåºä¹æå¤çåç°ç»äººææ¾çå¯ç¤ºï¼âæ±åæ§è´¨âçç 究å¯ä»¥å©ç¨æåç±»åå¦æ¥å¸®å©è§£éã
ãã
ãã æåç±»åå¦ææåä½ç³»çâç¹å¾âå为ä¸ä¸ªæ¹é¢ï¼ä¸ç¸ï¼ï¼æ¯ä¸ªæ¹é¢åå为å 个å±æ¬¡ï¼
ãã
ãã 1ã符å·å½¢å¼ï¼ç¬¦å½¢ç¸ï¼ï¼æåçåºæ¬ç¬¦å·å½¢å¼ï¼å为å¦ä¸çå±æ¬¡ï¼a.å¾ç¬¦ï¼å¾å½¢ç¬¦å·ï¼ï¼b.å符ï¼ç¬ç»ç»æï¼ï¼c.åæ¯ç¬¦å·ã
ãã
ãã 2ãè¯è¨æ®µè½ï¼è¯æ®µç¸ï¼ï¼åºæ¬ç¬¦å·æ代表çè¯è¨æ®µè½ï¼å为å¦ä¸å±æ¬¡ï¼âé¿è¯æ®µâå为a.ç¯ç« ï¼b.ç« èï¼c.è¯å¥ï¼âçè¯æ®µâå为d.è¯è¯ï¼e.é³èï¼f.é³ç´ ï¼é³ä½ï¼ãâé¿è¯æ®µâé½æ¯åå§æåï¼âçè¯æ®µâææ¯æçæåã
ãã
ãã 3ã表达æ¹æ³ï¼è¡¨è¾¾ç¸ï¼ï¼åºæ¬ç¬¦å·ç表达ä½ç¨ï¼å为å¦çå±æ¬¡ï¼a.表形ï¼b.表æï¼c.表é³ã表达æ¹æ³æ¯åé æåçæ¹æ³ã
ãã
ãã æ¯ä¸ç§æåä½ç³»é½æä¸æ¹é¢çç¹å¾ï¼ä¸åæ¹é¢çç¹å¾åæ¶å¹¶åï¼å¹¶ä¸å½¼æ¤ææ¥ãä¸æ¹é¢ç¹å¾çèç¦ï¼å°±æ¯è¿ç§æåä½ç³»çç±»åãæå纯类åï¼æå
¼å®¹ç±»åã
ãã
ãã âæ±åæ§è´¨âå家说æ³ä¸ä¸ï¼åå å¯è½å¨åèªåªæä½ä¸ä¸ªæ¹é¢çä¸ä¸ªå±æ¬¡çæåç¹å¾ï¼æªè½ç»¼åè§å¯æåç¹å¾çå
¨å±ï¼äºæ¯åçâç²äººæ¸è±¡âçç°è±¡ãå©ç¨æåç±»å帮å©è¿è¡ç»¼åè§å¯ï¼å°±è½çå°ä¸å°è¯´æ³åæ¥ç¸äºè¡¥å
ï¼å¹¶éç¸äºçç¾ï¼ä¼è¯´çº·çºäºæ¯åæç¸äºè¯´æã
ãã
ãã ä»æåç±»åçæ±åæ§è´¨
ãã
ãã ä»æåçâç±»åâæ¥çâæ±åæ§è´¨âï¼å¯è½çå¾æ´æ¸
æ¥ãæ´å
¨é¢ãä¸é¢å°è¯å©ç¨âæåä¸ç¸åç±»æ³âé项æ¥çâ两类ä¹å°ç»âç说æ³ã
ãã
ãã å
çâè¯è¨æ®µè½âçä¸ä¸ªå°ç»ï¼
ãã
ãã ï¼1ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯âè¯è¯æåâï¼ä»ã说æ解åãæ¥çï¼å¤ä»£æ±åä¸æ大å¤æ°ä»£è¡¨âåé³èè¯âï¼æå°æ°âè¿ç»µåâ代表âåé³èè¯âä¸çé³èï¼ä¾å¦âè¼ãè¼èä¹ï¼èãè¼èä¹âãæå¤ä»£æ±åä½ç³»ç§°ä¸ºâè¯è¯æ±åâï¼ç¬¦åå®é
ï¼å°æ°ä¾å¤ä¸è½å¦å®æ´ä½ãåæ¥ï¼å¤ä»£çâåé³èè¯â大éå°åæç°ä»£çâåé³èè¯âãä¾å¦ï¼âå¦èæ¶ä¹ ä¹ï¼ä¸äº¦æ¦ä¹ï¼âå
¶ä¸âä¹ âåæâå¦ä¹ âãâä¹ æ¯âçåé³èè¯ä¸çä¸ä¸ªä¸æè¯çé³èãæç°ä»£æ±åä½ç³»è¯´æâè¯è¯æåâï¼ä¸è½å
¨é¢å°åæ äºå®äºã
ãã
ãã ï¼2ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯âè¯è¯åé³èæåâï¼ä»å¤©â7000éç¨æ±åâä¸ï¼å¤§çº¦ä¸åä¹ä¸ä»£è¡¨âè¯è¯âï¼ç§°ä¸ºâè¯åâï¼ä¸åä¹ä¸ä»£è¡¨å¤é³èè¯ä¸çâé³èâï¼ç§°ä¸ºâè¯ç´ åâãç°ä»£æ±åä½ç³»æ¯âè¯è¯åé³èæåâç说æ³ï¼ç¬¦åäºå®ã
ãã
ãã ï¼3ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯âé³èæåâï¼âé³èæåâæ两ç§ï¼ä¸ç§æ¯âä¸é³å¤ç¬¦âã没æè§èåçé³èæåï¼ä¾å¦âæ±æ°¸å¥³ä¹¦âï¼å¦ä¸ç§æ¯âä¸é³ä¸ç¬¦âãè§èåçé³èæåï¼ä¾å¦âåå·è§èå½æâã两ç§é³èæåï¼é½åªæé³ç¬¦ã没ææ符ãå¤ä»£åç°ä»£æ±åä½ç³»é½ä¸ç¬¦åè¿äºç±»åã
ãã
ãã åçâ表达æ¹æ³âçå
个å°ç»ï¼
ãã
ãã ï¼4ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯â表形æåâï¼ç²éª¨æãéæãç¯ä¹¦çå¤ä»£æ±åä¸æä¸é¨åè½å¤â表形âï¼è±¡å½¢ï¼ææçä¹ï¼ï¼ä½æ¯å³ä½¿å¨âç²éª¨æâä¸ï¼è½âææçä¹âçå·±ç»ä¸å¤ãé¶ååçæ±å没æâ表形âåè½äºã
ãã
ãã ï¼5ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯â表ææåâï¼è¥¿æ¹å¦è
大é½æ¯æè¿ä¸ªè¯´æ³ãä»è¥¿æ¹çâä¸ä¹¦è¯´âæ¥çï¼ç°ä»£æ±åä¸æâæ符âãâé³ç¬¦âåâå®ç¬¦âä¸ç§ç¬¦å·ãææ±åä½ç³»è¯´æâ表ææåâï¼è¯´æ³ä¸å¤å
¨é¢ã
ãã
ãã ï¼6ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯â表é³æåâï¼æ±ååªæé¨åç表é³åè½ã
ãã
ãã ï¼7ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯â表形å表ææåâï¼ä¸é¢å·±ç»è¯´æï¼ç°ä»£æ±å没æâ表形âåè½ã
ãã
ãã ï¼8ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯â表æå表é³æåâï¼æ±åä¸ï¼ä¸é¨åæâ表æâåè½ï¼ä¾å¦âå
书âä¸çâä¼æåâï¼ä¸é¨åæâ表é³âåè½ï¼ä¾å¦âå
书âä¸çâåååâï¼â形声åâå边表æï¼å边表é³ãæ±åä½ç³»ä»å¤å°ä»é½æ¯æ¢è¡¨æãå表é³ãæ±åä½ç³»æ¯â表æå表é³æåâç说æ³ï¼ç¬¦åäºå®ã
ãã
ãã ï¼9ï¼æ±åæ¯ä¸æ¯â表é³å表形æåâï¼ç°ä»£æ±å没æâ表形âåè½ã
ãã
ãã å½ç»ä¸æï¼
ãã
ãã ç°ä»£æ±åä½ç³»ï¼ä»âè¯è¨æ®µè½âæ¥çæ¯âè¯è¯åé³èâæåï¼å称âè¯ç´ æåâï¼ï¼ä»â表达æ¹æ³âæ¥çæ¯â表æå表é³âæåï¼å称âæé³æåâï¼ï¼ä»â符å·å½¢å¼âæ¥çæ¯âå符âæåãå®æ´ç说æ³æ¯ï¼ç°ä»£æ±åä½ç³»æ¯âå符+è¯è¯åé³è+表æå表é³âæåãç®ç§°âè¯ç´ æåâãâæé³æåâæâè¯ç´ ï¼æé³æåâãï¼å¤ä»£æ±åâç²éç¯ä¹¦âç¨âå¾ç¬¦âï¼ç°ä»£æ±åâé¶æ¥·âç¨âå符âï¼ä»â符å·å½¢å¼âæ¥çï¼å¤ä»æ±åå±äºä¸åçç±»åã
ãã
ãã å¤æ°äººè®¤ä¸ºç°ä»£æ±åæ¯âè¯ç´ æåâãä¸äºäººè®¤ä¸ºç°ä»£æ±åæ¯âæé³æåâãè¿ä¸¤ç§è¯´æ³å¹¶éç¸äºçç¾ï¼èæ¯ç¸äºè¡¥å
çãåæ§åçå¨ï¼åèªæä½ä¸ä¸ªæ¹é¢çç¹å¾ãåè
以âè¯è¨æ®µè½âä¸ºæ ¹æ®ï¼åè
以â表达æ¹æ³âä¸ºæ ¹æ®ï¼ä¸¤ä¸ªæ¹é¢çç¹å¾æ¯åæ¶å¹¶åãå½¼æ¤è¯´æçãå
¼é¡¾å个æ¹é¢ï¼å°±è½å¾å°å®æ´ççæ³ã
ãã
ãã è¿ä¸ªç»è®ºæ¯å¦å¯ä»¥æç«ï¼æ¬è¯·è¯»è
ææ£
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考