威廉·华兹华斯的简介及其主要作品

如题所述

威廉·华兹华斯
  华兹华斯(1770~1850)英国诗人,与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。华兹华斯生于律师之家,少孤,就学于剑桥大学,1790年和1791年两次赴法。当时正是法国大革命的年代,年轻的华兹华斯对革命深表同情与向往。回国后不久,局势剧变,华兹华斯对法国大革命的态度渐趋保守,最后,终于成为安享“桂冠诗人”称号的前浪漫主义诗人。
  华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。文笔朴素清新,自然流畅,一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格,开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。1798年华兹华斯与柯尔律治共同发表的《抒情歌谣集》宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。华兹华斯在1800年《抒情歌谣集》第二版的序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论,主张以平民的语言抒写平民的事物、思想与感情,被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的宣言。此后,华兹华斯的诗歌在深度与广度方面得到进一步的发展,在描写自然风光、平民事物之中寓有深意,寄托着自我反思和人生探索的哲理思维。完成于1805年、发表于1850年的长诗《序曲》则是他最具有代表性的作品。
  华兹华斯诗才最旺盛的时期是1797至1807年的10年。其后佳作不多,到1843年被任命为“桂冠诗人”时已经没有什么作品了。然而纵观他的一生,其诗歌成就是突出的,不愧为继莎士比亚、弥尔顿之后的一代大家。华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就  他不仅创立理论,而且本人就实践理论。他与柯尔律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》这本小书所开始的,不止是他们两人的文学生涯,而是一整个英国浪漫主义诗歌运动。对于中国读者,华兹华斯却不是一个十分熟悉的名字。能读英文的人当然都看过他的若干小诗,如《孤独的割麦女》,但不懂英文的人却对他的诗没有多少印象,原因之一是他的诗不好译——哲理诗比叙事诗难译,而华兹华斯写得朴素、清新,也就更不好译了。原因之二是,他曾被评为“反动的浪漫主义”的代表,因此不少人未读他的作品,就已对其人有了反感。还有一个原因可能是:他那类写大自然的诗在我国并不罕见,他的思想也类似老庄,因此人们对他无新奇感。但他是值得一读的。除了历史上的重要性之外,他有许多优点,例如写得明白如话,但是内容并不平淡,而是常有神来之笔,看似普通的道理,却是同高度的激情结合的。法国大革命就曾深深激动了他,使他后来写下这样的名句:   幸福呵,活在那个黎明之中,   年轻人更是如进天堂!   ——《序曲》第十一章   他的山水诗极其灵秀,名句如:我好似一朵孤独的流云。他的爱情诗,如与一位名叫露西的姑娘有关的几首,也是极其真挚,极其动人,无一行俗笔,用清新的文字写出了高远的意境。他能将复杂深奥的思想准确地、清楚地表达出来,民歌体的小诗写得精妙,白体无韵诗的运用更在他的手里达到了新的高峰,出现了宛转说理的长长诗段。用这样的诗段他写出了长诗《丁登寺旁》,表达了大自然给他的安慰和灵感;接着又经营多年,写出了一整本诗体自传,题名《序曲——一个诗人心灵的成长》,开创了自传诗的新形式。在十四行诗方面,他将密尔顿的豪放诗风发扬光大,用雄迈的笔调写出了高昂的激情,例如这样的呼唤:   啊,回来吧,快把我们扶挽,   给我们良风,美德,力量,自由!   你的灵魂是独立的明星,   你的声音如大海的波涛,   你纯洁如天空,奔放,崇高……   这是过去以写爱情为主的十四行诗中罕见之笔,也说明两位爱好自由的大诗人如何心心相印!总之,华兹华斯诗路广,意境高,精辟,深刻,令人沉思,令人向上,而又一切出之于清新的文字,确是英文诗里三或四个最伟大的诗人之一。只是他后期诗才逐渐枯竭,所作变得冗长沉闷,又使人无限惋惜。
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第1个回答  2013-09-14
华兹华斯(William Wordsworth,1770-1850),英国诗人,华兹华斯生于律师之家,1783年他的父亲去世,他和弟兄们由舅父照管,妹妹多萝西(Dorothy)则由外祖父母抚养。多萝西与他最为亲近,终身未嫁,一直与他作伴。 华兹华斯的诗歌  (1)抒情诗:《抒情歌谣集》、《丁登寺旁》 (2)长诗:《序曲》 代表作品   .I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud   I wandered lonely as a cloud   That floats on high o'er vales and hills,   When all at once I saw a crowd,   A host, of golden daffodils;   Beside the lake, beneath the trees,   Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.   Continuous as the stars that shine   And twinkle on the milky way,   They streched in never-ending line   Along the margin of a bay:   Ten thousand saw I at a glance,   Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.   The waves beside them danced; but they   Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;   A poet could not but be gay,   In such a jocund company;   I gazed----and gazed---- but little thought   What wealth the show to me had brought:   For oft, when on my couch I lie   In vacant or in pensive mood,   They flash upon that inward eye   Which is the bliss of solitude;   And then my heart with pleasure fills,   And dances with the daffodils.   2.Composed upon Westminster Bridge,   September 3,1802   Earth has not anything to show more fair:   Dull would he be of soul who could pass by   A sight so touching in its majesty;   This City now doth, like a garment, wear   The beauty of the morning ; silent, bare,   Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie   Open unto the fields, and to the sky;   All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.   Never did sun more beautifully steep   In his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;   Ne'er saw I, never felt , a calm so deep!   The river glideth at his own sweet will:   Dear God! the very houses seem asleeep;   And all that mighty heart is lying still!   3.She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways   She dwelt among the untrodden ways   Beside the springs of Dove,   A Maid whom there were none to praise   And very few to love;   A violet by a mossy stone   Half hidden from the eye!   ----Fair as a star, when only one   Is shining in the sky.   She lived unknown, and few could know   When Lucy ceased to be;   But she is in her grave , and, oh,   The difference to me!   4.The Solitary Reaper   Behold her, single in the field,   Yon solitary Highland lass!   Reaping and singing by herself;   Stop here, or gently pass!   Alone she cuts and binds the grain,   And sings a melancholy strain;   O listen! for the Vale profound   Is overflowing with the sound.   No Nightingale did ever chaunt   More welcome notes to weary bands   Of travelers in some shady haunt,   Among Arabian sands;   A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard   In springtime from the Cuckoo bird,   Breaking the silence of the seas   Among the farthest Hebrides.   Will no one tell me what she sings?----   Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow   For old, unhappy, far-off things,   And battles long ago;   Or is it some more humble lay,   Familiar matter of today?   Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,   That has been, and may be again?   Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang   As if her song could have no ending;   I saw her singing at her work,   And o'er the sickle bending;----   I listened, motionless and still;   And, as I mounted up the hill,   The music in my heart I bore,   Long after it was heard no more.
第2个回答  2020-09-12
华兹华斯是浪漫主义诗人, glory in the flower 花之芬芳。他的政治理念不太成熟,主要关注其诗歌就行
第3个回答  2020-03-05
很历害,也写得很好。
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