中：亚瑟王传说，是西元十二世纪，由遍历欧洲的吟游诗人开始传颂的。 公认的集大成作品为15世纪左右的《亚瑟王之死》 曾经统治英国的凯尔特民族在西元一世纪的时候被罗马帝国所统治，历经六世纪以后，日耳曼民族相继入侵，其势力渐趋衰微，终于被迫让出英国王位。传说中，亚瑟就是在日耳曼民族入侵的这段时期里面，以凯尔特人的英雄身份登场。他率领各部落在名为巴顿山之役的交战中一举击溃属于日耳曼民族一支的萨克森人，被视为中世纪英国著名的传奇人物。 但是，亚瑟的形象却随著传说故事旳演进而不断地变化，最后演变成为统治不列颠之王，成为将兰斯洛特、崔斯坦等传说中的骑士收于麾下的“圆桌骑士团”的首领，拥有至高荣誉的英雄。 王者之剑（Excalibur）与石中剑（The Sword in the Stone）是亚瑟王至尊的王权象征，佩带著这把具有精灵魔力的王者之剑，令众骑士俯首称臣，不仅确立他自己的王位，也在众多的战役之中赢得胜利，凯旋而归。 英：King Arthur was a fabled British leader and a prominent figure in Britain's legendary history, said in many medieval tales and chronicles to have taken the mantle of rulership over Britain and defended his land against Saxon invaders following the withdrawal of Rome. Arthur's story includes considerable elements of legend and folklore, and his very existence is debated and has become a point of fierce controversy among modern historians.[1] The scarce historical background to Arthur is found scattered across various works including those of "Nennius" and Gildas and in the Annales Cambriae. The legendary Arthur was developed as a figure of international interest largely through the 12th century pseudo-history of Geoffrey of Monmouth, although Welsh and Breton stories and poems were circulating before he wrote.[2] Chrétien de Troyes began the literary tradition of Arthurian romance, which subsequently became one of the principal themes of medieval literature. Medieval Arthurian writing reached its conclusion in Thomas Mallory's comprehensive Morte D'Arthur, published in 1485. Modern interest in Arthur was revived by Alfred Lord Tennyson in Idylls of the King, and in the paintings of the Pre-Raphaelites. Key modern reworkings of the Arthurian legends include Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal, Mark Twain's satiric A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, and T. H. White's The Once and Future King. Despite the controversy over the existence of a single historical Arthur, he was recently ranked as one of the 100 Greatest Britons of all time. The central themes of the Arthurian cycle vary depending on which texts are examined. However, they include the establishment of Arthur as king through the sword in the stone episode, the advice of the wizard Merlin, the establishment of the fellowship of knights known as the Round Table and its associated code of chivalry, the defence of Britain against the Saxons, numerous magical adventures associated with particular knights – notably Kay, Gawain, Lancelot, Percival and Galahad – the enmity of Arthur's half-sister Morgan le Fay, the quest for the Holy Grail, the adultery of Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, the final battle with Mordred, and the legend of Arthur's future return. The magical sword Excalibur, the castle Camelot and the Lady of the Lake also play pivotal roles. 8
温馨提示：答案为网友推荐，仅供参考