如何讲清英语语法中直接引语与间接引语的互换

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

直接引语变间接引语:定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接。
一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化
1.陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said, “I'm very glad.”
→He said that he was very glad.
2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”
→He asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon.
3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?”
→He asked where Mr. Wang was.
二、 人称的变化
【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则，例如：
“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said.
→Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.
“I’ll come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.
→He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.
She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”
→She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.
三、.时态变化
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态。

时态的变化 例 句
一般现在时→
一般过去时 She said, “I need a calculator.”
→She said that she needed a calculator.
现在进行时→
过去进行时 Jim said, “I’m expecting a long distance call.” →Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.
一般将来时→
过去将来时 Nancy said, “I’ll call again later.”
→Nancy said that she would call again later.
一般过去时→
过去完成时 He said, “I took it home with me.”
→He said that he had taken it home with him.
现在完成时→
过去完成时 Paul said, “Our team has won the match.”
→Paul said that their team had won the match.
过去完成时→
过去完成时 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.

四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

变化形式 例句
指
示
代
词 this→
that She said, “She is coming this week.”
→She said that she was coming that week.
these→
those He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said those books were his.

时

间

状

语 now→
then He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o’clock then.
today→
that day He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
tonight→
that night She said, “I’ll come again tonight.”
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→
the day before He said, “This happened yesterday.”
→He said that had happened the day before.

时

间

状

语 now→
then He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o’clock then.
today→
that day He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
tonight→
that night She said, “I’ll come again tonight.”
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→
the day before He said, “This happened yesterday.”
→He said that had happened the day before.
three days ago→
three days before She said, “I arrived two days ago.”
→She said that she had arrived two days before.
tomorrow→
the next day
the following day She said, “He’ll be back tomorrow.”
→She said that he would be back the next day.
next week→
the next week She said, “I’ll do it next week.”
→She said that she would do it the next week.
地
点
状
语 here→
there She said, “He came here to see Tom.”
→She said that he had gone there to see Tom.
动
词 come/bring→
go/take He said, “I brought it home with me.”
→He said he had taken it home with him.

【拓展延伸】
直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况
① 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。例如：
He says, “I’m tired.”
→He says that he is tired.
He will say, “The boy was lazy.”
→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.
② 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。
Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
③ 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。
She said, “I was born in 1995.”
→She said that she was born in 1995.

Answer 2

高考英语中这个知识点不会考的，只需让同学们了解一下就可以了，注意时间的变换和动词时态的后退一格的原则，以后的所学的宾语从句和虚拟语气会包括它们的。

Answer 3

其实很简单，大多数变化与汉语的相同。时间状语、地点状语、人称代词、指示代词、方向性动词等等都可以利用母语来进行思考。如：
小明说：“我明天来看你”。
小明说【他】【第二天】来看【我】。
Xiao Ming said, " I will come to see you tomorrow".
只要注意相应的时态变化就可以了，因为汉语的谓语动词是没有时态的变化的。
Xiao Ming said (that) [ he ]【 would come 】to see [ me ] [ the next day] .