第3个回答 2012-08-06
宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明,使句子结构变的更加完整,这个成分我们称之为宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成“复合宾语”它可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等。。。一般包含宾语补足语的句型有两种形式,即“谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”和“介词+宾语+宾语补足语”。
1. 形容词作宾语补足语,常见的动词有:make, keep, get, find, wish, leave, see, consider等。例如:
Li Ming finds it necessary to reply..
Who left the window open?
2. 名词作宾语补足语,常见的接宾补结构的动词有:call, name, think, make, find, consider等。例如:
They all consider her a good student.
We call him Lao Li.
3. 动词make, let, hear, watch, see, have, notice等使役和感官动词之后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但这种结构变为被动语态时,不定式就必须带to。例如:
I saw Tom take away the magazine.
被动结构: The magazine was seen to take away by Tom
4. 带to do动词不定式作宾语补足语,此类动词有ask, tell, want, wish等.。例如:
The teachers ask us to study hard from now on.
5. 分词作宾语补足语,现在分词作宾补表示宾语正在进行的动作;过去分词作宾补表示与宾语之间是被动关系。例如:
I saw a little girl drawing under the tree.
When we got to the classroom, we found the door locked.
6. 介词短语作宾语补足语。例如:
The police found the lost boy in a wooden house.
7. 副词作宾语补足语。例如:
I found her in / out just now.
[特别提醒]宾语和宾语补足语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系;而双宾语则没有这种关系。试比较:
The soft music makes us relaxed. 这个柔美的音乐使我们放松了。
(relaxed是宾语us的补足语,两者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可以说We are relaxed.)
The football game brought us a lot of fun. 这场足球赛带给我们无穷的快乐。
(us和a lot of fun是动词brought的双宾语。两者并不是主谓关系,不可以说We are a lot of fun.)