所谓完全倒装,就是将谓语动词置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件:①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词,且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时;②主语只能是名词
一、以here等副词开头引出的完全倒装
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
二、以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装
Among the people was a man named Brown. 在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。
On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。
三、there be 结构及其变体的完全倒装
There is a tall tree in front of the house. 这房子前面有一棵树。
注:在there be结构中,可以代替be的还有以下动词:live, lie, stand, appear, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。如:
Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。
四、直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装
若直接引语的部分或全部放在句首,并且说话人是名词时,将say或ask置于说话人前,构成完全倒装。如:
“Are you ready?” asked the teacher. “准备好了没有?”老师问道。
“It is unbelievable!”said Alfred Butts. 阿尔弗雷德·布滋说,“这真叫人难以置信!”
部分倒装
1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:
Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。
Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。
By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。
2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。如:
He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌,我也会。
He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影,我也没有看。
She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美,她妈妈年轻时也很美。
4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时,可省略 if,将 were, should, had 置于句首。如:
Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我就会拒绝。
Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点,我可能会采取某种行动(from
www.yygrammar.com)。
5. so...that 结构中,将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。