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Question

工业上有多种方法生产反丁烯二酸。其主要来源是在催化剂存在下将苯（或丁烯）氧化生成顺丁烯二酸（或顺丁烯二酸酐），再经异构化而得。将苯（或80%的丁烯）与过量空气在流化床或固定床反应器中进行氧化反应生成顺丁烯二酸酐，被循环的酸液吸收成顺丁烯二酸。再经脱色过滤，顺丁烯二酸在硫脲催化剂作用下进行异构化，反应物经过滤，洗涤，干燥即得反丁烯二酸。异构化催化剂也采用过硫酸铵-溴化铵混合物或金属盐、胺盐、硫醇及10-20%的盐酸。碳水化合物如蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖经黑根菌发酵也可制得反丁烯二酸。用糖类发酵的方法，1t产品需耗粮食8t，经济上很不合算，国内研究以液体石蜡代替粮食发酵，以C16-C18含量较多的液蜡为碳源，经80-88h发酵，液蜡转化率在50%左右，提取率在50%以上。糠醛法 以糠醛为原料，经氯酸钠氧化而得。
[编辑本段]用途
反丁烯二酸用于生产不饱和聚酯树脂，这类树脂的特点是耐化学腐蚀性能好，耐热性也好；反丁烯二酸与乙酸乙烯的共聚物是良好的粘合剂，与苯乙烯的共聚物是制造玻璃钢的原料，反丁烯二酸所制得的增塑剂无毒，可用于与食品接触的乙酸乙烯乳胶。该品是医药和光学漂白剂等精细化学品中间体，在医药工业中用于解毒药二巯基丁二酸的生产，将反丁烯二酸用碳酸钠中和，即得到反丁烯钠（[17013-01-3]），进而用硫酸亚铁置换得到反丁烯二酸铁，是用于治疗小红血球型贫血的药物富血铁。该品作为一种食品添加剂——酸味剂，用于清凉饮料、水果糖、果冻、冰淇淋等，大多与酸味剂柠檬酸并用，反丁烯二酸与氢氧化钠反应制成的单钠盐，也用作酸味调味品，还用作合成树脂、媒染剂的中间体。

Answer 1

There are several methods of industrial production of fumaric acid. The main source of benzene in the presence of a catalyst (or butene) oxidation to form maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), and then derived by isomerization. The benzene (or 80% of the butene) and the excess air in a fluidized bed or fixed-bed reactor for oxidation reaction of maleic anhydride was absorbed into the cycle of acid maleic acid. And then by bleaching filter, maleic acid in Thiourea catalyst under isomerization, the reaction by filtration, washing, drying derived fumaric acid. Isomerization catalyst had been adopted in ammonium sulfate - ammonium bromide mixtures, or metal salts, amine salts, thiols, and 10-20% hydrochloric acid. Carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, maltose fermentation by Hagan may also be obtained fumaric acid. With carbohydrate fermentation method, 1t products need to consume food 8t, economy is very uneconomical, the domestic research to liquid paraffin instead of food fermentation, in order to C16-C18 wax content of more liquid as the carbon source, after 80-88h fermentation, liquid wax conversion rate of about 50% extraction rate of 50%. Furfural laws to furfural as raw material, derived by oxidation of sodium chlorate.
[Edit this paragraph] Uses
Fumaric acid for the production of unsaturated polyester resins, such resins are characterized by good resistance to chemical corrosion, heat resistance Ye Hao; fumaric acid and vinyl acetate copolymer is a good adhesive, and styrene copolymer is to create glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, fumaric acid obtained by the non-toxic plasticizer that can be used in contact with food vinyl acetate latex. The product is a medical and optical bleaching agent fine chemicals intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry for the antidote dimercaptosuccinic acid production, will be in fumaric acid with sodium carbonate and, that is, to be anti-butene sodium ( [17013-01-3]), and then replaced with ferrous sulfate to be fumaric acid iron, is used for the treatment of small drug-rich red blood cell anemia blood iron. The product as a food additive - sour agent, used in soft drinks, fruit candy, jelly, ice cream and so on, mostly sour agent citric acid and use, fumaric acid and sodium hydroxide reaction made of a single salt, also used as a sour condiment, but also used as a synthetic resin, mordant intermediates.

Answer 2

There are several methods of industrial production of fumaric acid. The main source of benzene in the presence of a catalyst (or butene) oxidation to form maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), and then derived by isomerization. The benzene (or 80% of the butene) and the excess air in a fluidized bed or fixed-bed reactor for oxidation reaction of maleic anhydride was absorbed into the cycle of acid maleic acid. And then by bleaching filter, maleic acid in Thiourea catalyst under isomerization, the reaction by filtration, washing, drying derived fumaric acid. Isomerization catalyst had been adopted in ammonium sulfate - ammonium bromide mixtures, or metal salts, amine salts, thiols, and 10-20% hydrochloric acid. Carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, maltose fermentation by Hagan may also be obtained fumaric acid. With carbohydrate fermentation method, 1t products need to consume food 8t, economy is very uneconomical, the domestic research to liquid paraffin instead of food fermentation, in order to C16-C18 wax content of more liquid as the carbon source, after 80-88h fermentation, liquid wax conversion rate of about 50% extraction rate of 50%. Furfural laws to furfural as raw material, derived by oxidation of sodium chlorate.
[Edit this paragraph] Uses
Fumaric acid for the production of unsaturated polyester resins, such resins are characterized by good resistance to chemical corrosion, heat resistance Ye Hao; fumaric acid and vinyl acetate copolymer is a good adhesive, and styrene copolymer is to create glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, fumaric acid obtained by the non-toxic plasticizer that can be used in contact with food vinyl acetate latex. The product is a medical and optical bleaching agent fine chemicals intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry for the antidote dimercaptosuccinic acid production, will be in fumaric acid with sodium carbonate and, that is, to be anti-butene sodium ( [17013-01-3]), and then replaced with ferrous sulfate to be fumaric acid iron, is used for the treatment of small drug-rich red blood cell anemia blood iron. The product as a food additive - sour agent, used in soft drinks, fruit candy, jelly, ice cream and so on, mostly sour agent citric acid and use, fumaric acid and sodium hydroxide reaction made of a single salt, also used as a sour condiment, but also used as a synthetic resin, mordant intermediates.opugjfscjkdwamlujfdsderhhfhytrrewsffjjuytgffghjuttrewdfghhhfjghdyguytrutvhhgfuurturriuut.jtuhhithyriuyuh,iuyriuyotryutyu'ijuiryutiytutrlyfdrh.

Answer 3

(⊙o⊙)…你好像没有提问(=@__@=)哪！。。。。。。