英文翻译

Question

The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists . It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worded intensively. Thus , each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.

One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. (79)When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.

请高手帮忙翻译,非常感谢!这是2006年11月成人三级考试的阅读的其中一篇文章,因水平有限,不理解意思,请帮忙译成中文,谢谢!

Answer 1

楼上又见机器翻译，汗哪。。。。

The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists .
人口数量众多的优缺点在很长一段时间内一直是经济学家们讨论的主题之一。
It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worded intensively.
由于肥沃土地的面积有限，如果要养活大量人口的话，我们一方面要开发贫瘠土地，另外一方面则要好好保护肥沃土地。
Thus , each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.
因此，若每个人的生产能力下降，则意味着平均收入水平的降低，从而导致人口的减少。
Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
另外一些经济学家则认为大量的人口为工作分工和公共设施（如港口、马路与铁路）的发展提供了更多的空间。要不是因为人口众多导致对公共设施的需求量增加的话，这些公共设施就不大可能会被建起来了。
One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.
在世界范围内施行计划生育的困难之一在于——不同国家的政府对人口增长的态度取决于本国工业发展的程度以及食物与原材料的供给能力。
In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be.
在发展中国家，人口的迅速增长导致了食物、生存空间、以及自然资源的供给不足，所以在这些国家中，政府无论结果会如何，首先考虑的都是控制出生率。
In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods.
但是在工业高度发达的国家，问题就更复杂了。不断降低的出生率导致失业率的上升，原因在于市场对产品的需求减少了。（译者注：人口少了，顾客就少了，所以产品就卖不出去，只好裁员了）
When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.
人口的减少同样对房地产业产生压力，一方面导致房价下降，另一方面则削弱了房地产业的发展。
Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
当考虑到如上因素之后，发达国家的政府会更倾向于鼓励人口缓慢增加，而不是保持人口数量的稳定，甚至是人口数量的减少。

Answer 2

The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists . It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worded intensively. Thus , each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.

One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. (79)When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.

大量人口的优缺点一直是经济学家讨论的课题。有人认为，好的土地供应有限。为了养活人口众多，必须培育劣质土地，强势耕地。因此，每个人生产量较少，这意味着平均收入低于人口较少的平均收入。其他经济学家则认为，大量人口给予更多的专业化和发展港口，道路，铁路等设施，除非有很大的需求，否则不可能建成。

实施全球生育控制计划的难点之一在于，根据工业发展水平和粮食和原材料的供应，官方对人口增长的态度因国而异。在发展中国家，人口急剧增加的食物，空间和自然资源的限制下，政府首先要对出生率进行限制，无论后果如何。在高度工业化的社会中，问题可能会更加复杂。出生率下降可能导致失业，因为造成制成品市场下滑。 （79）当住房人口压力下降时，房价也下降，建筑业下滑。面对这些考虑，发达国家的政府可能更喜欢看到人口缓慢增长，而不是稳定或下降的人口。

Answer 3

.........有一个人口众多，长期以来一直是经济学家中讨论的主题。据认为，良好的土地供应是有限的。为了养活庞大的人口，土地必须是劣质耕地和好地措辞深入。因此，每个人产生较少，这意味着更低的平均收入比可以得到一个较小的人口。其他经济学家认为，人口众多给铁路，这是不太可能建立更加专业化的余地和发展的设施，如港口，道路，除非是有很大的需求来证明它们。出一个执行的困难一个全球性的生育控制计划，官方的态度是对人口增长有所不同取决于各国的工业发展和食品及原料供应水平的事实。在发展中的国家，是一个紧迫的人口大大增加的食物后，空间和自然资源，这将是执政的第一关注放在出生率限制，不管后果可能是硬限制。在高度工业化社会的问题可能更加复杂。出生人口减少，可能导致失业，因为它在制成品市场下降的结果。 （79）当对住房下降，价格下降和人口压力也建筑业减弱。面对这样的考虑，因为这些发达国家的政府可能更愿意看到一个缓慢增加的人口，而不是一个有稳定或呈下降趋势。