用定语从句来翻译“我住在一个小村庄,村庄的环境很美。”是:
I live in a small village which environment is very beautiful.
定语从句的翻译方法
无论是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句,一般都可以采用以下三种方法来翻译:前置法、后置法和综合法。
1.前置法:
这种翻译方法即把英语的定语从句翻译成带“的”的汉语定语,放在被修饰词的前面。此时,英语的复合句变成了汉语的简单句。比较简单的定语从句均可以用这种方法来处理。例如:
(1) Words are living things , the very bodies in which ideas and emotions become materialized.
译文:词是有生命的东西,是体现思想和情感的实体。
(2) Those who did not die from smallpox usually carried scars on their faces for life.
译文:那些没死于天花的人通常都是终生在脸上留下疤痕。
(3) The sun which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
译文:一整天都躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
2.后置法:
如果定语从句的结构比较复杂,译成汉语的前置定语显得很长,而且不符合汉语的表达习惯,此时可以考虑把定语从句翻译成并列的分句,放在被修饰词的后面。在这种情况下,有时需要重复一下英语句子中的先行词,有时可以省略,视具体情况而定。例如:
(1) Most ranches are located in flat open country where there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.
译文:大多数牧场位于平坦开阔的地区,那里有充足的青草供饲养牲畜。
(2) Our records show that a large group of young people,about 95 percent of them boys,are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine.
译文:我们的记录表明,许多年轻人,其中95%是男孩,成了计算机迷。计算机成了他们生活中的唯一内容。
(3) The cook turned pale and asked the housemaid to shut the door,who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker,who pretended not to hear.
译文:厨子的脸色变得苍白,要女仆把门关上,女仆叫布立特 尔关,布立特尔又叫补锅匠关,补锅匠装着没听见。
(4 ) After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
译文:饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜。
3.综合法:
综合法是指把原句中的主句和从句融合在译起,译成一个句子,特别是主句中有There be...结构时,这种方法更适合。例如:
(1) Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles.
译文:在家工作的人是按照自己的职业和生活方式做出这种决定的。
(2) I have amassed the first-hand data which serve to prove my argument to be tenable.
译文:我所搜集的第一手资料足以证明我的论点是站得住脚的。
(3) Einstein had an effect on science and history that only a feu men have ever achieved.
译文:爱因斯坦对科学和历史的影响只有少数几个人比得上。
(4) There are many people who want to see the film.
译文:许多人要看这部电影。
(5) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.
译文:在那群人中,有些人每天站在那里,都站了一个月了。