加尔各答（孟加拉语：কলকাতা，英语：Calcutta）是印度西孟加拉邦首府。它位于印度东部恒河三角洲地区， 胡格利河（恒河一条支流）的东岸。该市有人口4,638,350人，整个大都市区的人口为14,681,589人（2006年1月），属印度第三大大都会区（仅次于孟买和新德里）。
在殖民地时期，从1772年直到1911年的140年间，加尔各答一直是英属印度的首都。在这期间，该市一直是印度近代教育、科学、文化和政治的中心，迄今仍然保存有大量当时遗留的维多利亚风格建筑。但在1947年印度独立以后，由于各种不利因素的影响，该市经历了长期的经济停滞。不过，自从2000年起，经济复苏取代了病态的衰落，该市开始重新迸发出增长的活力。
加尔各答还是一个拥有独特的社会政治文化的城市，以其从印度独立运动到左翼和工会运动的革命历史著称，以印度共产党 （马）为主的左翼阵线通过民主选举，已经在加尔各答所在的西孟加拉邦连续执政30年
Calcutta (Bengali:, English: Calcutta) India is the capital of West bengal. It is located in the eastern India Delta region of Ganges RIver, the Hu Geli River (a tributary of the east coast of Ganges RIver). The city has a population of 4638350 people, the population of the entire metropolitan area of 14681589 people (January 2006), is the third largest metropolitan area in India (after Mumbai and New Delhi).
In the colonial period, from 1772 to 1911 140 years, Calcutta has been the capital of British India. During this period, the city has been the center of modern education, science, culture and politics in India, so far, there are still a large number of Vitoria style buildings left behind. But after India's independence in 1947, the city has experienced a prolonged economic stagnation due to the impact of various unfavorable factors. However, since 2000, the economic recovery has replaced the pathological decline, the city began to re burst out of the growth of vitality.
Calcutta is a has unique social and political culture of the city, known to the campaign for independence from India to left-wing trade union movement and the revolutionary history, dominated by Communist Party of India (MA) of the left front through democratic elections has in Calcutta where the West Bengal and Laban continuous power for 30 years
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