先行词指的是在定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词。它在定语从句中扮演一定的角色。通常被称为先行词,是因为定语从句总是紧跟在它后面,而先行词在定语从句之前出现,这与形容词直接修饰名词的情况不同,后者形容词位于名词之前。例如:
1. 这是我正在寻找的那本书。(先行词是“书”,引导词是“which”)
- This is the book which I am looking for.
2. 他是来自英格兰的罗伯森先生。(先行词是“罗伯森先生”,引导词是“who”)
- He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England.
根据先行词的不同,引导词的选择也会有所不同:
1. 当先行词指人时,引导词可以是Who、Whom或That。当引导词在句子中作主语时,使用Who或That;作宾语时,使用Whom或That。在非正式英语中,也可以使用Who,并且有时可以省略引导词。
- That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
2. 当先行词指物时,引导词通常是That或Which。
- They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
3. 当先行词指地点时,引导词使用Where或In which。
- This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
4. 当先行词指时间时,引导词使用When、On which或In which。
- I'll never forget the year when/on which we worked on the farm.
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