可不可以帮我把这个名词解释译一下,实在是有点绕看来过来。先先谢谢了!~~
哦,如果用灵格斯和在线译的,就心领了。麻烦哪位大侠帮帮忙!~~
Determination: Determination means that the faculty of an academic unit or its duly authorized representatives have final legislative or operational authority with respect to the policy or action, and any other technically required approvals or concurrences are only pro forma.
Joint Action: Joint action means that formal agreement by both the faculty and other components of the institution is required for confirmatory action or policy determination. Negative action can be accomplished by a veto by either faculty or administration & the board. The separate components need not act simultaneously but should act within a reasonable time interval. In no case should the interval be longer than an academic year.
Consultation: Consultation means that there is a formal procedure or established practice which provides a means for the faculty (as a whole or through authorized representatives) to present its judgment in the form of a recommendation, vote or other expression sufficiently explicit to record the position or
positions taken by the faculty. This explicit expression of faculty judgment must take place prior to the actual making of the decision in question. Initiative for the expression of faculty judgment may come from the faculty, the administration, or the board.
Discussion: Discussion means that there is only an informal expression of opinion from the faculty or from individual faculty members; or that there is formally expressed opinion only from administratively selected committees.
None: None means that there is no faculty participation. In cases where the specific item is lacking, e.g. there is no long-range budgetary planning or where the item is mandated say by the state legislature, e.g. admission requirements for some state schools, then the form of faculty participation is none.
老大,你这个译法,能读的通吗,呵呵,我都说了如果是用在线翻译的就不用麻烦了。不过还是谢谢你的热心!~~
期待高人出现!~~~