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Question

光纤通信在配电网自动化上的应用 论文
1前言
随着国家经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对电力的需求日益增长，同时对供电的可靠性和供电质量提出了更高的要求。配网馈线自动化是配网系统提高供电可靠性最直接有效的技术手段之一。在近几年国家加大了对城网和农网的改造，国内各大供电局对配电网自动化的投入也在加大。在配网自动化实现的过程中，我们发现通信问题是一个难点问题。在此，仅就光纤通信在配网自动化方面的应用谈一点认识和体会。
2配电网自动化对通信的要求
同调度SCADA系统一样，配电自动化系统也需要一个有效的通信网，同时他有自己的特点：终端数量极多。配网系统拥有众多的开闭所、配电变压器、柱上断路器，要对这些设备进行监控就需要许多FTU和TTU，同时这些FTU随配电设备安装，地域分布广，通讯节点分散。
配网自动化系统的规模、复杂程度和自动化程度决定了通信系统应满足下述要求：
(1)可靠性：
配网系统的通信设备有很多暴露在室外，环境恶劣，因此必须能够抵御高温、低温、日晒、雨淋、风雪、冰雹和雷电等自然环境的侵袭。同时，尽量避免各种电磁干扰，保证长期稳定可靠地工作，并要求在线路停电时，通信系统仍能正常工作。
(2)经济性：
考虑到配电网系统的总体经济效益，通信系统的投资不应过大，力争充分利用现有的主网通信资源，进行主、配网整体规划，避免重复投资。
(3)寻址量大：
通信系统不仅要考虑目前及未来的数据传输的需要，还要考虑系统升级的要求。
(4)双向通信：
配网自动化要实现遥测、遥信、遥控功能，就必须要求具有双向通信能力。
(5)容易操作和免维护。
根据以上的要求，伴随着光纤价格的下降，目前，光纤通信正广泛地应用于电力系统。
3光纤通信
自激光器和低损耗光纤问世以来，光纤通信系统以其技术、经济上无可比拟的优越性而迅速崛起，并风靡全球。该系统是以光纤为传输介质，以光为载波信号传递信息的通信系统，应用的光波波长为1.0～1.μm靘，整个系统由电端机、光端机、光缆和中继器构成。光纤可分为单模光纤(SMF)、多模光纤(MMF)、长波长低射散光纤(LMF)、保偏光纤(PMF)及塑料光纤(POF)等很多种；常用的为单模和多模光纤，多模光纤就是传输多个光波模式，而单模光纤只传输一个光波模式。单模光纤比多模光纤传输距离长，目前一般地，光信号在多模光纤内可传6km左右，在单模光纤内可传30km。因此，单模光设备的价格要高于多模光设备。实用的光纤通常都是由多根光纤、加强芯、保护材料、固定材料等组合成光缆构成的传输线。
光纤通信具有通信容量大，衰减小，不怕雷击，抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀、保密性好、可靠性高、敷设方便等优点，不过投资费用相对较高，尤其对于城区内直埋式电缆线路的光纤敷设，施工费用将更大。
6结束语
在实际的配网自动化的通信系统，必须构建一个成本低、收效高的双向通信系统，用可以接受的费用在可靠性和信息流量方面提供非常高的性能。同时，由于配电网自动化系统所要完成的功能太多而系统复杂，采用单一的通信系统来满足所有的功能需要是不现实的，也是不经济的。因此，在配电网自动化系统中，要应用多种通信方式，按综合的经济技术指标而选取其中最优的组合。在电力系统中较常用的通信方式还有一点多址数字微波、数传电台、无线扩频、专线电缆、邮电本地网、载波、扩频载波等，可供组网时选择。

Answer 1

Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation applications on paper
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to improve the most direct and effective means of technology. Countries has increased in recent years on the city network and the transformation of rural power network, power supply bureaus of the major domestic investment in distribution automation is also increasing. Achieved in the distribution network automation process, we found that communication problems is a difficult problem. In this, just from the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation application on little knowledge and experience.
2 Distribution Automation requirements for communication
SCADA system with the same dispatch, distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network, and he has his own characteristics: the number of terminals very much. System has a large distribution network by opening and closing, power distribution transformers, circuit breakers column to monitor these devices requires a number of FTU and TTU, while the FTU with the power distribution equipment installation, wide geographical distribution, communication nodes scattered.
Distribution automation system size, complexity and automation level of the decision of the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) Reliability:
Communications equipment distribution network systems have many exposed outdoors, bad environment, so must be able to withstand heat, cold, sun, rain, snow, hail and lightning and other natural attacks. Meanwhile, try to avoid all kinds of electromagnetic interference, to ensure long-term stable and reliable work, and asked when the line power failure, communication system can still work properly.
(2) economy:
Taking into account the overall economic power distribution system, communication system, investment should not be too large, and strive to make full use of the existing main network communication resources, for the Lord, the overall distribution network planning, avoid duplication of investment.
(3) addressing large:
Communication system not only to consider the present and future data needs, but also consider the upgrade requirements.
(4) two-way communication:
Distribution network automation to achieve the telemetry, remote, remote control, you must request a two-way communication capabilities.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, along with fiber prices down, at present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in electric power.
3 Optical Fiber Communication
Since the inception of laser and low loss optical fiber, optical fiber communication system with its technical and economic advantages of the rapid rise of unparalleled, and swept the globe. The system is based on optical fiber as the transmission medium to light as the carrier signal to transmit information in communication systems, applications of light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.μm Jing, the entire system from the electrical side machine, Optical, cable and repeaters pose. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many; commonly used for single-mode and multi-mode fiber, multimode fiber is more than light transmission mode, and single-mode fiber transmission of a light wave mode only. Single-mode fiber multimode fiber transmission distance than the length, the current general, the optical signal in the multi-mode optical fiber to be available for about 6km, the single-mode fiber transmission within 30km. Therefore, the price of single-mode optical devices than multi-mode optical devices. Practical optical fibers are usually more to strengthen the core, protecting materials, fixed materials combined to form the transmission line cable.
Optical fiber communication with the communication capacity, low attenuation, not afraid of lightning, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, confidentiality, reliability, and easy installation, but the relatively high investment costs, especially for inner city buried cable lines fiber laying, construction costs will be greater.
6 Conclusion
In the actual distribution automation communication system, must build a low cost, high effective two-way communication system, with acceptable reliability and cost of information flows in a very high performance. Also, because of distribution automation system functions to be accomplished by too many complex systems, a single communication system to meet the needs of all of the functions is unrealistic, and it is not economical. Therefore, power distribution automation system, to apply a variety of communication methods, according to a comprehensive economic and technical indicators and selecting the best combination of them. In the power system more commonly used multiple means of communication also point digital microwave radio data transmission, wireless spread spectrum, green cables, posts and telecommunications local network, carrier, spread spectrum carrier such as, for the selection network.

Answer 2

The application of Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation system
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards,Our demand for electricity is also growing day by day .And we have a even higher demand to the reliability of the power supply and the quality of that.Feeder Automation is one of the most direct and effective mean to improve the reliability of power supply distribution network system .The state has increased the transformation on the city network and rural power network in recent years .The investment in distribution automation of many major domestic power supply bureaus is also increasing.During the distribution network automation process, we found that communication is a problem which is difficult to conquer. In the flowing ,i just want to have a discuss on the application of the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation .
2 ,The communication requirements of distribution automation
Just the same with SCADA system ,distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network which has its own characteristics:the number of terminals is that large.The power distribution System has a large number of Open-close substations,power distribution transformers and column circuit breakers and also a great number of FTU and TTU used to monitor these devices.

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Answer 3

Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation system on the application of papers
1 preface
Along with the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people on the power of the growing demand for power supply, the reliability and power supply quality put forward higher request. Network feeder automation system is to improve the power supply reliability, the most direct and efficient technology is one of the means. In recent years China has increased in the rural and urban network reform, many big domestic electricity distribution automation to increase investment. In the process of realizing automation distribution network, we found the communication problem is a difficult problem. In this, as in optical fiber communication network automation reuse understanding and experience.
2 in power distribution automation system of communication
With dispatch SCADA system, power distribution automation system also needs an effective communication, while he has its own characteristics: terminals very much. The system has numerous open and close, distribution transformer, the column of the equipment, monitor and TTU many FTU, at the same time, along with the power equipment installation and FTU regional wide distribution, communication node.
Network automation system, the scale and complexity and automation determines the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) reliability:
System of communication equipment, there are many exposed outdoor environments, and therefore must be able to resist high temperature, low temperature, sunlight and rain, snow, hail and natural environment of lightning. At the same time, avoid all sorts of electromagnetic interference, ensure the long-term and stable and reliable work, and in the power circuit requirements, communication system can work normally.
(2) economy:
Considering the overall economic benefit of power system, the communication system of investment, should not be too much to make full use of the existing resources, the main provids communication network, overall planning, to avoid repeated investment.
(3) addressing quantity:
Communication system should not only consider the current and future needs of data transmission, consider system upgrade.
(4) two-way communication:
To realize the automation network remote measure, remote communication, remote control function, must have two-way communication ability.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, accompanied by fiber prices, at present, optical fiber communication are widely used in power system.
3 optical communications
Since the laser and low loss fiber optic fiber communications system since the advent, with its technical and economic incomparable advantage and rising rapidly, and became popular in the world. This system is based on optical fiber transmission medium and light for carrier signal transfer information communication system, the application of wavelengths of light 1.0 ~ 1. 靘 m, the whole system speeds by electric transceiver, optical transceiver, optical and Repeaters. Optical fiber can be divided into (SMF) single-mode optical fiber, multimode fiber (MMF), long wavelengths scattered fiber (low), the partial LMF (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (etc) is various; POF Commonly used for singlemode and multimode fiber, multimode fiber is more light transmission mode, and the single-mode optical fiber transmission of a light only mode. Single-mode optical fiber transmission than the long distance, generally, light signals in multimode fiber can pass on single-mode optical fiber 6km, can pass 30km. Therefore, the single-mode optical equipment price than multimode optical equipment. Practical fiber is usually by optical, strengthen the core, protect material, fixed materials into the transmission cable form.
Optical fiber communication with communication capacity, small, do not be afraid of lightning, attenuation anti-electromagnetism interference, corrosion resistance, good secrecy, high reliability, installation convenience etc, but investment cost is relative taller, especially within the city of directly buried installation of fiber optic cable type, the construction cost will be more big.
6
In the actual network communication system, automated must construct a low cost, high convergence of two-way communication system, with acceptable costs in reliability and information flow to provide extremely high performance. At the same time, because of distribution automation system to complete function too complex, the system USES a single communications system to meet the needs of all functions are unrealistic, is not economical. Therefore, in the distribution automation system, application of communication mode, according to the comprehensive technical and economic indexes and select the most optimal combination. In the power system of a common means of communication and a multi-address digital microwave, radio, digital wireless spread-spectrum, special cable, posts and telecommunications carrier, the carrier, the spread between local networks, network for selecting.

Answer 4

Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation applications on paper
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to improve the most direct and effective means of technology. Countries has increased in recent years on the city network and the transformation of rural power network, power supply bureaus of the major domestic investment in distribution automation is also increasing. Achieved in the distribution network automation process, we found that communication problems is a difficult problem. In this, just from the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation application on little knowledge and experience.
2 Distribution Automation requirements for communication
SCADA system with the same dispatch, distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network, and he has his own characteristics: the number of terminals very much. System has a large distribution network by opening and closing, power distribution transformers, circuit breakers column to monitor these devices requires a number of FTU and TTU, while the FTU with the power distribution equipment installation, wide geographical distribution, communication nodes scattered.
Distribution automation system size, complexity and automation level of the decision of the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) Reliability:
Communications equipment distribution network systems have many exposed outdoors, bad environment, so must be able to withstand heat, cold, sun, rain, snow, hail and lightning and other natural attacks. Meanwhile, try to avoid all kinds of electromagnetic interference, to ensure long-term stable and reliable work, and asked when the line power failure, communication system can still work properly.
(2) economy:
Taking into account the overall economic power distribution system, communication system, investment should not be too large, and strive to make full use of the existing main network communication resources, for the Lord, the overall distribution network planning, avoid duplication of investment.
(3) addressing large:
Communication system not only to consider the present and future data needs, but also consider the upgrade requirements.
(4) two-way communication:
Distribution network automation to achieve the telemetry, remote, remote control, you must request a two-way communication capabilities.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, along with fiber prices down, at present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in electric power.
3 Optical Fiber Communication
Since the inception of laser and low loss optical fiber, optical fiber communication system with its technical and economic advantages of the rapid rise of unparalleled, and swept the globe. The system is based on optical fiber as the transmission medium to light as the carrier signal to transmit information in communication systems, applications of light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.μm Jing, the entire system from the electrical side machine, Optical, cable and repeaters pose. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many; commonly used for single-mode and multi-mode fiber, multimode fiber is more than light transmission mode, and single-mode fiber transmission of a light wave mode only. Single-mode fiber multimode fiber transmission distance than the length, the current general, the optical signal in the multi-mode optical fiber to be available for about 6km, the single-mode fiber transmission within 30km. Therefore, the price of single-mode optical devices than multi-mode optical devices. Practical optical fibers are usually more to strengthen the core, protecting materials, fixed materials combined to form the transmission line cable.
Optical fiber communication with the communication capacity, low attenuation, not afraid of lightning, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, confidentiality, reliability, and easy installation, but the relatively high investment costs, especially for inner city buried cable lines fiber laying, construction costs will be greater.
6 Conclusion
In the actual distribution automation communication system, must build a low cost, high effective two-way communication system, with acceptable reliability and cost of information flows in a very high performance. Also, because of distribution automation system functions to be accomplished by too many complex systems, a single communication system to meet the needs of all of the functions is unrealistic, and it is not economical. Therefore, power distribution automation system, to apply a variety of communication methods, according to a comprehensive economic and technical indicators and selecting the best combination of them. In the power system more commonly used multiple means of communication also point digital microwave radio data transmission, wireless spread spectrum, green cables, posts and telecommunications local network, carrier, spread spectrum carrier such as, for the selection network.