补语从句和定语从句的区别

如题所述

就汉语语法而言,二者的区别在于:补语从句用在谓语之后,和谓语发生关系,是补充说明谓语情况的
而定语从句则是用在主语和宾语之前,和主语、宾语发生关系,是用来修饰形容主、宾的。(当然,某成份“前置”或“后置”时除外)
一般情况下,区别“补语从句”的标志是结构助词“得”,如,打得好,好得很。
而区别定语从句的标志是“的”,如,我的书,大家的意见等。

补语从句和定语从句的区别
补语从句:分为宾补(宾语补足语),动补(表语补足语) 
Can you lend me the book that you bought last month (宾补从句)
you bought last month 表示一本特定的书(或许是我和你一起去买的,也可能是我知道你上个月去买了一本书,而我想借的就是那本书)
She is a teacher that teaching the Chinese in ShenZhen Universty.(表补从句)
teaching the Chinese in ShenZhen Universty 表示她是一个什么样的老师
定语从句:修饰主语的句子
The man who dress in blue coat is one of my old friend.dress in blue coat用来修饰前面的 the man.什么样的男人?
定语从句和补语从句
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因

补语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句,同位语从句和先行词等同,如:they were all very much worried over the fact (that you were sick) 括号内为从句,和先行词fact等同。定语从句,用作定语的从句叫定语从句,从句和先行词是修饰关系,如:the student who answered the question was John.(who引导的从句修饰先行词student)没有补语从句的说法,补语分主语补足语和宾语补足语,主语补足语 如:tired and sleepy, I went to bed (前面tired和sleepy 修饰 I )宾语补足语 如:they named the child Jimmy。 (Jimmy 是宾语补足语,说明孩子叫Jimmy)
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