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Question

Landslide mitigation
Landslides can be triggered by many often concomitant causes. In addition to shallow erosion or reduction of shear strength caused by seasonal rainfall, causes triggered by anthropic activities such as adding excessive weight above the slope, digging at mid-slope or at the foot of the slope, can also be included. However, often individual phenomena join together to generate instability, also after some time has elapsed, which, other than in well-包含umented limited areas, do not allow a rec**truction of the evolution of the occurred landslide. It is therefore pointless, for the purpose of planning landslide hazard mitigation measures, to classify the work as a function of the phenomenon or of more important phenomena, renouncing any attempt to precisely describe all the causes or the conditi** which, at different times, contribute to the occurrence of the landslide. Therefore, slope stabilization methods in rock or in earth, can be collocated into three 无效s of measure:
＆＃8226; Geometric methods, in which the geometry of the hillside is changed (in general the slope);
＆＃8226; Hydrogeological methods, in which an attempt is made to lower the groundwater level or to reduce the water content of the material;
＆＃8226; Chemical and mechanical methods, in which attempts are made to increase the shear strength of the unstable mass or to introduce active external forces (e.g. anchors, rock or ground nailing) or passive (e.g. structural wells, piles or reinforced ground) to contrast the destabilizing forces.
The different 无效 of material conditi** the engineering solution adopted, although It always comes back, in principle, to the previously introduced classification.
1 Rock slopes
1.1 Reinforcement measures
Reinforcement measures generally c**ist of the introduction of METAl elements whose purpose is to increase the shear strength of the rock and to reduce the stress release created, for example, following cutting. Reinforcement measures are made up of METAl rock nails or anchors. Anchorage can be classified as active anchorage, in the case in which they are subjected to pretensioning, and passive anchorage. Passive anchorage can be used both to nail single unstable blocks and to reinforce large porti** of rock. They can also be used as the pre-reinforcement elements of a scarp to be re-profiled in order to limit hillside decompression associated with cutting. In an anchorage are defined:

Answer 1

滑坡缓解
可引发的山体滑坡造成许多常相伴。除了浅侵蚀或减少所致的剪切强度,引起季节性降雨引发人类的活动,如增加体重超标之上,在斜坡边坡开挖或是山脚下的斜坡上,也可以被包括在内。然而,经常个别现象,结合在一起来产生不稳定,一段时间后,除了在井-包含umented,有限的地区,不允许我们指令的变化发生滑坡。它是无意义的,因为为了计划滑坡灾害的缓解措施,将作为函数的现象或更重要的现象,放弃任何试图精确地描述所有的原因或模板,在不同的时期,导致滑坡的发生。因此,在岩石边坡稳定性的方法,可在地球或者配置成三无效s措施:
8226;及几何方法,在几何形状的山坡上改变(一般在边坡),
8226;水文地质条件和方法,其中一个尝试降低地下水位或者减少水分的资料。
8226;化学、力学方法,尝试由提高其抗剪强度的不稳定的质量和引进活跃的外部力量(例如,岩锚钉或地面或被动(例如结构性井、桩或加筋地基的不稳定的力量),形成了鲜明的对比。
无效的不同材料的模板的工程解决方案,尽管它总是回来,原则上,先前推出的分类。
1岩质边坡
11加固措施
一般加固措施是引进的金属元素,其目的是为了提高其抗剪强度的岩石和降低应力释放创建,例如,切割。加固措施是由金属岩钉或锚。可分为主动锚碇锚固,在一宗案件中,他们是受防水层、被动的停泊地。被动锚钉均可使用单一不稳定,加强大* *的岩石。乘他们也可以用作预加固元件的轮廓描绘无论是是为了减少减压与切割。山坡上,在一个锚地的定义

Answer 2

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