谁有防火意识的知识，并且是英文的？

Question

一定是英文的‘‘‘关于防火的‘‘谢谢拉‘‘

Answer 1

Important Do's and Don'ts in the Kitchen
* Do have an adult with you if you are cooking in the kitchen.

* Do keep long hair tied back when you are cooking.

* Do make sure that, if you have a window near the stove, the curtains are tied back and will not blow near a flame or burner.

* Do make sure that the knobs on the stove are difficult for a child to turn.

* Do check to make sure that the "on" signal light for the burners is working.

* Do turn pan handles to the center of the stove so that children cannot reach them and in order to keep them from being knocked off the stove.

* Do put a non-slip mat in front of the stove to keep you from slipping and falling into a burner.

* Do check the cords on all appliances regularly for fraying (fraying means worn because of rubbing). Exposed wires could cause sparks or short circuits.

* Do keep matches out of the reach of children and in covered metal containers.

* Do call your utility company IMMEDIATELY if you smell a gas odor coming from your stove.

* Don't put towels, potholders, or dishrags near a stove burner.

* Don't wear loose-fitting clothes when you cook, and don't reach across the top of the stove when you are cooking.

* Don't put cookies, candy, or other treats in the cabinets above the stove. Young children may try to reach them and accidentally start the burners, start a fire, or have their clothes catch on fire.

* Don't store spray cans near the stove.

* Don't let small children near an open oven door. They can be burned by the heat or by falling onto the door or into the oven.

* Don't lean against the stove to keep warm.

* Don't use towels as potholders. They may catch on fire.

* Don't overload an electrical outlet with several appliances or extension cords. The cords or plugs may overheat and cause a fire.

* Don't use water to put out a grease fire. ONLY use baking soda, salt, or a tight lid. Always keep a box of baking soda near the stove.

* Don't use radios or other small appliances (mixers, blenders) near the sink.

Bedroom Fire Safety
Kids and Fire: A Bad Match

Children are one of the highest risk groups for deaths in residential fires. At home, children usually play with fire - lighters, matches and other ignitables - in bedrooms, in closets, and under beds. These are "secret" places where there are a lot of things that catch fire easily.

* Children of all ages set over 35,000 fires annually.
* Every year over 400 children nine years and younger die in home fires.
* Keep matches and lighters locked up and away from children. Check under beds and in closets for burnt matches, evidence your child may be playing with matches.
* Teach your child that fire is a tool, not a toy.

Appliances Need Special Attention

Bedrooms are the most common room in the home where electrical fires start. Electrical fires are a special concern during winter months which call for more indoor activities and increases in lighting, heating, and appliance use.

* Do not trap electric cords against walls where heat can build up.
* Take extra care when using portable heaters. Keep bedding, clothes, curtains and other combustible items at least three feet away from space heaters.
* Only use lab-approved electric blankets and warmers. Check to make sure the cords are not frayed.

Tuck Yourself In For A Safe Sleep

* Never smoke in bed.
* Replace mattresses made before the 1973 Federal Mattress Flammability Standard. Mattresses made since then are required by law to be safer.

Finally, having working smoke alarms dramatically increases your chances of surviving a fire. Place at least one smoke alarm on each level of your home and in halls outside bedrooms. And remember to practice a home escape plan frequently with your family.

Heating Fire Safety

The high cost of home heating fuels and utilities have caused many Americans to search for alternate sources of home heating. The use of wood burning stoves is growing and space heaters are selling rapidly, or coming out of storage. Fireplaces are burning wood and man made logs. All these methods of heating may be acceptable. They are however, a major contributing factor in residential fires. Many of these fires can be prevented. You can prevent the loss of life and property resulting from heating fires by being able to identify potential hazards and following the safety tips contained in the factsheets on this page.

Electrical Fire Safety

Electrical fires in our homes claim the lives of 485 Americans each year and injure 2,305 more. Some of these fires are caused by electrical system failures and appliance defects, but many more are caused by the misuse and poor maintenance of electrical appliances, incorrectly installed wiring, and overloaded circuits and extension cords.

The United States Fire Administration (USFA) would like consumers to know that there are simple steps you can take to prevent the loss of life and property resulting from electrical fires.

THE PROBLEM

During a typical year, home electrical problems account for 67,800 fires, 485 deaths, and $868 million in property losses. Home electrical wiring causes twice as many fires as electrical appliances.

THE FACTS

December is the most dangerous month for electrical fires. Fire deaths are highest in winter months which call for more indoor activities and increase in lighting, heating, and appliance use. Most electrical wiring fires start in the bedroom.

THE CAUSE

Electrical Wiring

* Most electrical fires result from problems with "fixed wiring" such as faulty electrical outlets and old wiring. Problems with cords and plugs, such as extension and appliance cords, also cause many home electrical fires.
* In urban areas, faulty wiring accounts for 33% of residential electrical fires.
* Many avoidable electrical fires can be traced to misuse of electric cords, such as overloading circuits, poor maintenance and running the cords under rugs or in high traffic areas.

Home Appliances

* The home appliances most often involved in electrical fires are electric stoves and ovens, dryers, central heating units, televisions, radios and record players.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

* Routinely check your electrical appliances and wiring.
* Frayed wires can cause fires. Replace all worn, old or damaged appliance cords immediately.
* Use electrical extension cords wisely and don't overload them.
* Keep electrical appliances away from wet floors and counters; pay special care to electrical appliances in the bathroom and kitchen.
* When buying electrical appliances look for products which meet the Underwriter's Laboratory (UL) standard for safety.
* Don't allow children to play with or around electrical appliances like space heaters, irons and hair dryers.
* Keep clothes, curtains and other potentially combustible items at least three feet from all heaters.
* If an appliance has a three-prong plug, use it only in a three-slot outlet. Never force it to fit into a two-slot outlet or extension cord.
* Never overload extension cords or wall sockets. Immediately shut off, then professionally replace, light switches that are hot to the touch and lights that flicker. Use safety closures to "child-proof" electrical outlets.
* Check your electrical tools regularly for signs of wear. If the cords are frayed or cracked, replace them. Replace any tool if it causes even small electrical shocks, overheats, shorts out or gives off smoke or sparks.

Finally, having a working smoke alarm dramatically increases your chances of surviving a fire. And remember to practice a home escape plan frequently with your family.

Holiday Fire Prevention

Preventing Christmas Tree Fires

* Christmas Tree Fire Hazards - Movie segments demonstrating how fast a live Christmas tree can become fully engulfed in flames. Special fire safety precautions need to be taken when keeping a live tree in the house. A burning tree can rapidly fill a room with fire and deadly gases.
* Selecting a Tree for the Holiday
Needles on fresh trees should be green and hard to pull back from the branches, and the needle should not break if the tree has been freshly cut. The trunk should be sticky to the touch. Old trees can be identified by bouncing the tree trunk on the ground. If many needles fall off, the tree has been cut too long, has probably dried out, and is a fire hazard.
* Caring for Your Tree
Do not place your tree close to a heat source, including a fireplace or heat vent. The heat will dry out the tree, causing it to be more easily ignited by heat, flame or sparks. Be careful not to drop or flick cigarette ashes near a tree. Do not put your live tree up too early or leave it up for longer than two weeks. Keep the tree stand filled with water at all times.
* Disposing of Your Tree
Never put tree branches or needles in a fireplace or woodburning stove. When the tree becomes dry, discard it promptly. The best way to dispose of your tree is by taking it to a recycling center or having it hauled away by a community pick-up service.

Holiday Lights

* Maintain Your Holiday Lights
Inspect holiday lights each year for frayed wires, bare spots, gaps in the insulation, broken or cracked sockets, and excessive kinking or wear before putting them up. Use only lighting listed by an approved testing laboratory.
* Do Not Overload Electrical Outlets
Do not link more than three light strands, unless the directions indicate it is safe. Connect strings of lights to an extension cord before plugging the cord into the outlet. Make sure to periodically check the wires - they should not be warm to the touch.
* Do Not Leave Holiday Lights on Unattended

Holiday Decorations

* Use Only Nonflammable Decorations
All decorations should be nonflammable or flame-retardant and placed away from heat vents.
* Never Put Wrapping Paper in a Fireplace
It can throw off dangerous sparks and produce a chemical buildup in the home that could cause an explosion.
* Artificial Christmas Trees
If you are using a metallic or artificial tree, make sure it is flame retardant.

Candle Care

* Avoid Using Lit Candles
If you do use them, make sure they are in stable holders and place them where they cannot be easily knocked down. Never leave the house with candles burning.
* Never Put Lit Candles on a Tree
Do not go near a Christmas tree with an open flame - candles, lighters or matches.

Finally, as in every season, have working smoke alarms installed on every level of your home, test them monthly and keep them clean and equipped with fresh batteries at all times. Know when and how to call for help. And remember to practice your home escape plan.

High-Rise Fires

If the fire is in the apartment:

* Calmly leave the apartment, closing the door behind you. Remember the keys!
* Pull the fire alarm near the closest exit.
* Leave the building by the stairs.

Never take the elevator during a fire!
Here's a song about how you should Use the Stairs. If the fire alarm goes off:

* Before you open the door, feel the door by using the back of your hand. If the door is hot or warm, do not open the door.
* If the door is cool, open it just a little to check the hallway. If you see smoke, do not leave.
* If there is no smoke in the hallway, leave and close the door. Go directly to the stairs to leave. Never use the elevator.

If the exit is blocked by smoke or fire:

* Leave the door closed, but do not lock it.
* To keep the smoke out, put a wet towel in the space at the bottom of the door.
* Call your emergency number posted by the telephone, tell them your apartment number, and let them know you are trapped by smoke and fire. It is important that you listen and do what they tell you to do.
* Stay calm and wait for someone to rescue you.

If smoke is in your apartment:

* Stay low to the floor under the smoke.
* Call your emergency number posted by the telephone, and let them know that you are trapped by the smoke.
* If you have a balcony and there is no fire below it, go out.
* If there is fire below, go to the window. DO NOT open the window, but stay near the window.
* If there is no fire below, go to the window and open it. Stay near the open window.
* Hang a blanket or a towel out of the window to let people know that you are there and need help.
* Be calm and wait for someone to rescue you.

Answer 2

Fire safety is a component of Building Safety. It concerns safety measures to prevent the effects of fires and is the result of proper use of fire protection measures.

Some elements include:

* Having built a facility in accordance with the version of the local building code that was in effect at the time a building permit was applied for.
* Maintaining a facility and conducting oneself in accordance with the provisions of the fire code, from the moment that the building was occupied. This is based on thorough knowledge of the code by the owner and ensuring that the occupants and operators of the building are fully aware of the currently applicable regulations, including supplementary documents that may be applicable, which are referenced in the fire code, such as, as an example, NFPA13 or NFPA96. Examples of such lawful conduct include, but are not limited to, the following:
o Not exceeding the maximum occupancy listing for any part of the building (Making sure that an area isn't so full of people that they can't all get out quickly in an emergency).
o Maintaining proper fire exits and proper signage of them (e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power failure)
o Placing and maintaining fire extinguishers and fire alarms in easily accessible places.
o Properly storing/using, and/or banning of flammable materials that may be needed inside the building for storage or operational requirements (such as solvents in spray booths).
o Routinely inspecting public buildings for violations, issuing Orders To Comply and, potentially, prosecuting or closing buildings that are not in compliance, until the violations are corrected or condemning it in extreme cases.
o Installing and maintaining fire alarm control panels for quick detection and warning of fire.
o Obtaining and maintaining a complete inventory of firestops.
o Ensuring that all spray fireproofing remains undamaged.
o Maintaining a high level of training and awareness of occupants and users of the building to avoid obvious mistakes, such as the propping open of fire doors.
o Conduct Fire drills at regular intervals throughout the year

The Fire code (also Fire prevention code or Fire safety code) is a model code adopted on a regional basis and enforced by fire prevention officers within municipal fire departments. It is a lawful set of rules prescribing minimum requirements to prevent fire and explosion hazards arising from storage, handling, or use of dangerous materials, or from other specific hazardous conditions. The fire code complements the building code. In the event of changes to fire safety provisions within a building, or a change of occupancy, the fire code typically references the building code, which can result in a requirement upon the owner to apply for a building permit to ensure proper review and lawful execution of contemplated changes that can have an effect upon fire safety and/or structural integrity. The building code includes construction requirements to minimise fire spread, enable suppression and detection and to provide for safe and rapid evacuation in the event of a fire. Although both codes address similar issues, the fire code is aimed primarily at preventing fires in the first place, including outside of buildings, and that necessary training and equipment will be on hand and the design basis of the building, which includes a basic plan set out by the architect is not compromised. The fire code also addresses inspection and maintenance requirements of various fire protection equipment in order to maintain optimal active fire protection and passive fire protection measures, with the aim of preserving stringent bounding.

A typical fire safety code includes administrative sections about the rule-making and enforcement process, and other substantive sections dealing with fire suppression equipment, particular hazards such as containers and transportation for combustible materials, and specific rules for hazardous occupancies, industrial processes, and exhibitions.

Each section may lay out the requirements for obtaining permits, and specific precautions required to remain in compliance with a permit. For example, a fireworks exhibition may require an application to be filed by a regionally licensed pyrotechnician, providing the information necessary for the issuing authority to determine whether the safety requirements can be met. Furthermore, once a permit is issued, the same authority (or another delegated authority) may inspect the site and monitor the safety during the exhibition, with the power to halt unapproved operations, or where unforeseen hazards arise.

Here is a list of some typical fire and explosion issues to be dealt with in a fire safety code:

* fireworks, explosives, mortars and cannons, model rockets (licenses for manufacture, storage, transportation, sale, use)
* certification for servicing, placement, and inspecing fire extinguishing equipment
* general storage and handling of flammable liquids, solids, gases (tanks, personnel training, markings, equipment)
* limitations on locations and quantities of flammables (e.g., 10 litres of gasoline inside a residential dwelling)
* specific uses and specific flammables (e.g., dry cleaning, gasoline distribution, explosive dusts, pesticides, space heaters, plastics manufacturing)
* permits and limitations in various building occupancies (assembly hall, hospital, school, theatre, elderly care, prisons, warehouses, etc)
* locations that require a smoke detector, sprinkler system, fire extinguisher, or other specific equipment or procedures
* removal of interior and exterior obstructions to emergency exits or firefighters and removal of hazardous materials
* permits and limitations in special outdoor applications (tents, asphalt kettles, bonfires, etc)
* other hazards (flammable decorations, welding, smoking, bulk matches, tire yards)
* Electrical safety code
* Fuel gas fitting code