第1个回答 2009-09-13
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态 表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。只有及物动词和某些动词短语才能构成被动语态,形式为助 动词 be 加上过去分词。各种时态的被动形式的构成见下表:
各 种 时 态 的 被 动 形 式 表
一 般 时 态 进 行 时 态 完 成 时 态
现在 am/is/are + Ved am/is/are +being+Ved have/has + been + Ved 过去 was/were + Ved was/were +being +Ved had been + Ved 将来 shall/will be + Ved
shall/will have been + Ved 过去将来 should/would be+Ved
should/would have been + Ved
二、考点精要总结:
〔考点1〕 当谈话的对象是动作的承受者时,需用被动语态。
例1:Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which art ificial beings were portrayed had been produced
例2:Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people who have been affected
〔考点2〕 当使役动词和感官动词如make, let, hear, help, see 等动词用于被动语态时, 做主语补足语的不定式必须带 to。
例:He was made to carry heavy load every day
〔考点3〕 及物的动词短语也可以构成被动语态,此时要注意 切勿丢掉与动词连用的介词或副词。
例1:The baby is well looked after
例2:Those outofdate rules must be done away with
〔考点4〕 有些动词虽然是及物的,但是由于表示的是状态或 关系,通常不用于被动语态。常 用的此类动词有:cost, fit, have, hold, lack, last, own, possess, resemble, suit 等。
〔考点5〕 少数及物动词用作不及物动词时,后接副词时以主动形式表示被 动的意思。如brea k, cut, fill, lock, open, peel, push, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。
例1:His new novel sells well
例2:This kind of cloth washes easily
〔考点6〕 一些转化为系动词的感官动词加上表语也可以表示被动的意思。 如:appear, come, fall, feel, go, grow, keep, look, remain, rest, run, smell, stand, sound stay, taste, lie 等。
例:Cloth made of silk feels smoother than that made of cotton
〔考点7〕 bear, deserve, desire, need, require, want 等动词加上动名 词或在 “worth + doing" 结构中,其主动形式表示被动的意思。
例1:The room needs cleaning
例2:This novel is worth reading
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如:
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)