having been done和to have been done是什么关系？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

回答：这两个均是非谓语动词的完成式被动语态：having been done 是现在分词或动名词的完成式被动语态，to have been done 是不定式的完成式被动语态。之所以用完成式被动语态，是因为其动作在句子谓语动作之前发生，它们的逻辑主语是该动作的承受者。现在分词短语having been done 在句中可用作状语, 表示时间、条件、方式、伴随、原因、让步等; 动名词短语having been done 在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语; 不定式to have been done在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语。例如：
Having been injured yesterday, he was sent to hospital immediately.
I am sorry for having come late.
I remember your having been scolded that day.
Having been scolded by the teacher made her unhappy all day.
This job is to have been done yesterday.
I meant to have sent the book to you.
To have been dismissed twice was unforgivable.
I have the honor to have been given such a chance.