英语语法(五)-复合句、时态与语气

如题所述

深入理解英语语法,让我们探索复合句的构造与时态表达。并列复合句通过并列连词如and、or,确保时态一致性。主从复合句由主句和从句组成,从句是主句的扩展部分,如表语、宾语、定语和状语从句。表语从句如"Grandparents love children",状语从句通过while(如"While grandparents love children, they are strict")体现。


be动词后常接that从句,如"I'm sorry I'm late"(抱歉我迟到了),伴随时间状语从句(when, after, before等)如"When you finish, you may play"(完成后再玩),地点状语如"Go back where you came from"(回原地),原因状语如"He went abroad because of a good university"(因好大学出国),目的状语如"GOT up early to catch the first train"(早起赶头班车),结果状语如"Lost many bikes, didn't buy new one"(不再买车),比较状语如"Jane is taller than I"(Jane比我高),以及让步状语如"Even if you pay, won't thank you"(即使你付钱,也不会感谢)和条件状语如"Won't pass exams unless work harder"(不努力就过不了考试)。


值得注意的是,连接词的使用需恰当,如时间、条件、原因状语通常用逗号隔开。定语从句解析如下:



    定语从句紧跟被修饰词,关系词如that/which/who(代)和where/when/how(副)。
    关系代词:who/whom/whose分别对应主/宾/定,which/that则为主/宾。
    特殊情况下,不定代词、最高级、序数词用that,人称代词主语用who/that,宾语常用which/whom。
    介词后用which/whom,介词移至句尾用that/who。
    主语从句常用It + that/whether引导,常省略that。

英语中,名词性从句(如主语、宾语从句)由连接词引导,如that, whether, what等。如"That he is alive is luck"和"John said he's leaving for London on Wednesday"。此外,还有一些特定表达,如"I don't think I know you"(我不认为我认识你),"It seems they know where to go"(他们似乎知道去哪儿),以及"Charles Smith retired last year, who was my former teacher"(查尔斯·史密斯退休了,他曾经是我的老师)。


掌握状语从句的关键在于理解各种连接词的用途,如地点状语如"Where I live, there are trees"(我住的地方有很多树),方式状语如"Always do to others as you'd be done by"(你希望别人怎样对你,你就怎样对别人),原因状语如"I didn't go; I was afraid"(我没去,我害怕)。


通过理解这些规则,你可以构建出更丰富的句子结构,表达更精确的意思。无论是在书面还是口语交流中,清晰的时态和语气运用都将提升你的表达能力。

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