(1)根据A、B、C互为同分异构体,分子式均为C
5H
8O
2,由A→I是在加热的条件下与Ag(NH
3)
2OH反应,而且A中无支链说明发生的是银镜反应,再根据反应物和生成物量的关系,每1mol醛基反应时将生成2mol银,现在有0.1mol的A反应得到了43.2g即0.4mol的银,故1molA中含有2mol的醛基,从而推出A、I的结构简式为:OHCCH
2CH
2CH
2CHO、HOOCCH
2CH
2CH
2COOH,由B为含有一个五环的酯,且在氢氧化钠的水溶液中加热生成D,发生的是酯的水解反应,A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I这些有机物中碳原子数相同,而且在一定条件下发生B→D→C→E→F→G→H→I的转化,推出B、D的结构简式应为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/6c224f4a20a44623444d7bd39b22720e0df3d7f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
HOOCCH
2CH
2CH(OH)CH
3,根据D中的官能团有羧基、羟基,因此在浓硫酸的条件下加热发生消去反应,与羟基相连碳原子上氢原子越少,越消其氢原子的原子的原则,故的C结构简式为:HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
3,从而推出C中含有的官能团为:羧基和碳碳双键,
故答案为:羧基、碳碳双键;
(2)根据题中的信息
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/a08b87d6277f9e2f2effc3b91c30e924b999f3bd?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
3与NBS在加热的条件下发生取代反应生成HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2Br,HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2Br含有溴元素,能发生水解反应生成醇,既得到F的结构简式HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2OH,然后与H
2发生加成反应生成G,既得G的结构简式为HOOCCH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2OH,HOOCCH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2OH中含有-OH,因此能发生氧化反应生成醛,既得H的结构简式为:HOOCCH
2CH
2CH
2CHO,结合(1)中推出的B的结构简式得到答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/6c224f4a20a44623444d7bd39b22720e0df3d7f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/730e0cf3d7ca7bcb5efc199ebd096b63f724a8f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/6c224f4a20a44623444d7bd39b22720e0df3d7f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/730e0cf3d7ca7bcb5efc199ebd096b63f724a8f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(3)根据F的结构简式为:HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2OH知,它能发生加聚反应,生成高分子化合物,方程式为nHOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2OH→
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/09fa513d269759ee789abe7ab1fb43166c22dfbd?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,故得出HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2OH发生加聚反应生成
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/09fa513d269759ee789abe7ab1fb43166c22dfbd?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/09fa513d269759ee789abe7ab1fb43166c22dfbd?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(4)根据上面的分析得知,E的结构简式为:HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2Br,HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2Br含有羧基、碳碳双键、卤素原子三种官能团,根据官能团的性质,推出它具有以下化学性质:能发生取代反应、加成反应、水解反应、消去反应、聚合反应、氧化反应、还原反应、酯化反应.不能发生银镜反应、皂化反应,
故答案为:③⑨;
(5)根据上面的分析得知E的结构简式为HOOCCH
2CH=CHCH
2Br,其中含有卤素原子,因此能发生碱性条件下的水解反应,生成醇,其反应方程式为:
BrCH
2CH=CHCH
2COOH+2NaOH
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/37d3d539b6003af3543d02d1362ac65c1138b6f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
HOCH
2CH=CHCOONa+NaBr+H
2O,
故答案为:BrCH
2CH=CHCH
2COOH+2NaOH
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/37d3d539b6003af3543d02d1362ac65c1138b6f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
HOCH
2CH=CHCOONa+NaBr+H
2O;
(6)根据题中的信息M是D的同分异构体D的化学式为C
5H
10O
3可知M中应有5个C原子、10个H原子、3个O原子,结合题中的信息,①分子中只含有一个甲基(-CH
3);②能发生银镜反应;③1mol M与足量Na反应能产生标准状况下22.4L的气体;④除官能团上的氢原子外,还有两种不同类型的氢原子条件,写出符合要求的结构简式有:HOOCC(CH
3)(OH)CH
2CHO、HOOCCH(OH)CH(CH
3)CHO、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/eaf81a4c510fd9f9b7dd8bd8262dd42a2934a4bd?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,从中选出任意一种即可.
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/eaf81a4c510fd9f9b7dd8bd8262dd42a2934a4bd?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
.