首先这是一本书,然后it is rich in 这是本书,,ranging from...to...
为啥range不用ranged表被动,
非谓语和独立主格都会存在逻辑主语情况
逻辑主语的四种情况:
1、非谓语动词作状语,句子的主语是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。如:waiting there a long time , he felt impatient.
2、句子主语he是现在分词waiting的逻辑主语、名词的所有格或物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语。如:I object to his making private calls on the offfice phone我反对他用办公室电话打私人电话。his 是 动名词making的逻辑主语。
3、动词不定式的逻辑主语。
1)动词不定式的复合结构即for +宾语(代词或名词)+动词不定式中,for 后的代词或名词在形式上是不定式的逻辑主语。如:It is important for us to drink water every day ,句中us 是to drink 动作的执行者,即是to drink的逻辑主语。
2)在“It is +形容词+of 名词或代词+动词不定式”结构中,of 后面的名词或代词在形式上是不定式的逻辑主语。It is very nice of you to tell me
4,独立主格结构。
1)名词(代词)+分词(现在分词/过去分词)这个结构逻辑主语是分词动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的,而是逻辑主语发出的。如The clock striking two,I went to bed。The clock 和 striking构成逻辑上的主谓关系。The clock是逻辑主语,striking是逻辑谓语。再如He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard。
2)名词(代词)+不定式,这个结构中,不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在逻辑上的主谓关系,用主动形式,如果是动宾关系,则用被动式。例1Many trees,and grass to be planted,our school will look more beautiful。例2His father to come today, he plans to make a delicious meal
3)独立主格的逻辑谓语还可以是“形容词,副词,名词,或介词短语”。逻辑主语是名词或代词。由以下几种结构构成:①名词或代词+形容词:The boy asleep,the boy's mum went away②名词或代词+副词:The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room③名词或代词+介词短语:一种是当形容词性物主代词(his her my等)、冠词(a an the )分别修饰介词前后两个名词或名词本身为复数时,with可以引导独立主格;另一种是当介词前后两个名词没有任何冠词或者所有格修饰时,with不能引导独立主格。所以构成两种结构:一是with+冠词+名词或代词+介词+形容词性物主代词或所有格+名词,另一种是 名词或代词+介词+名词。如A young lady came over,with a dictionary in her hand ,另一种是A young lady came over,dictionary in hand ④with(without )+名词(代词)+宾语补足语(也叫with/without复合结构)在with ,without引导的独立主格结构中,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。在with(wothout)复合结构中,多数情况下with能省略,但without不能省略。其中,宾语补足语由:形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当。
例1The girl hid her box without anyone knowing it
例2The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
例3The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
例4With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
例5Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
例6He stood at the door, computer in hand
扩展:非谓语的几种情况。
非谓语的三种形式:不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)它们都有时态和语态的变化。
补充:过去分词有完成或者被动的意思,用done形式。
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