Key words: dispersal, seed bank, seed germination, seed predation.
INTRODUCTION a persistent soil-stored seed bank, although empirical data are lacking. Measuring the fate of seeds between seed production Species with event driven recruitment have a pulse and seedling establishment is critical in understanding of germination following fire, but species lacking fire mechanisms of recruitment limitation in many terres-related germination cues may be expected to recruit trial ecosystems, including grassy woodlands (Yates & seedlings between fire events. Recruitment of shrub Hobbs 1997; Clarke 2000). Seed dynamics encom-seedlings in grassy woodlands has rarely been pass seed production, dispersal in space and time, and observed (Campbell 1999; Clarke 2000; Clarke & losses through predation, decay and germination Davison 2001; Knox & Clarke 2006) and seed sowing (Harper 1977). In fire-prone communities the accu-experiments have demonstrated that recruitment is mulation of a persistent seed bank is important for seed-limited rather than safe-site limited (Clarke & post-fire recruitment and compensation of adult mor-Davison 2001; Knox & Clarke 2006). Grassy woodtality in both obligate seeding and resprouting species land species in the families Epacridaceae and (Tyler 1995; Keith 1996). Resprouting is the most Fabaceae also have innate seed dormancy, implying common response to fire in temperate grassy wood-that recruitment of seedlings may be event-driven and lands (Knox & Clarke 2004) and resprouters tend to that diaspores should accumulate in the soil if plants produce fewer seeds per season than species killed by are fecund in most years. Accumulation of these seed fire (Keeley 1977; Carpenter & Recher 1979; Bell banks is however, also dependent upon seed losses 2001; Pausas et al. 2004). Nevertheless, resprouting through dispersal to unsafe sites by seed removal species with innate seed dormancy should accumulate pathogen loss, and seed predation (Clarke & Davison 2001). In particular, predators can impose top-down effects on plant populations by limiting the number of
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