所谓虚拟其实就是假设,也就是把本不存在的事实说成是存在的事实,不可能存在的事实说成是可能存在的事实,说白了就是把假的说成是真的,把真的说成是假的。
因为说话时不存在或以后也不可能存在的事实,我们只能把时间往前推移,假设这种事实在过去要是能够存在那么现在或以后就有可能存在了。其实,这种说法就相当于汉语的“退一步说”。
既然是退一步,就需要把现在倒退回过去,过去倒退回过去的过去,将来倒退回过去或过去的将来,由是就出现了条件虚拟语气以下的三种形式:
1、对现在虚拟用动词的过去式,即一般动词用 did 的形式,be 用 were。如:
真实语气:If he goes to school everyday, he will have no chance for relaxation. 如果他每天上学就不会有机会放松。
虚拟语气: If he went to school everyday, he would have no chance for relaxation.他要是真的每天上学,那么就不会像现在这样有机会放松。
真实语气:If I am at school presently, I will see you. 如果过一会儿我在校,我就会见到你。
虚拟语气:If I were at school now, I would see you. 如果我现在真的就在学校,我本来是会见到你的。
2、对过去虚拟用动词的过去完成式,即动词用 had done 形式,如:
真实语气:If I was at school yesterday, I would see you. 如果昨天在校,我就会见到你。
虚拟语气:If I had been at school yesterday, I would have seen you. 如果我昨天真的就在学校,我当时本来就会见到你。
3、对将来虚拟用动词的过去式或过去将来式,动词用 did、were to do 或 should do 中的任一种形式。如:
真实语气:If I am at school tomorrow, I will see you. 如果明天在校,我就会见到你。
虚拟语气有三种表述方式:
If I were at school tomorrow, I would see you. 如果昨天真的在校的话,我就有可能见到你。
If I were to be at school yesterday, I would see you. 如果昨天真的按计划呆在学校里,我就有可能见到你。
If I should be at school yesterday, I would see you. 如果确实能够在校,我就有可能见到你。
有固定的公式之类的吗
追答如果非要公式,可以把上说的三种时间虚拟化简如下(do 指代除be 以外的所有的词):
对现在虚拟: did / were(if从句);情态动词 + do(主句)
对过去虚拟:had done(if从句);情态动词 + have done(主句)
对将来虚拟(主句的虚拟与对现在虚拟相同,if 从句 有下面的三种形式):
1. did / were【同现在虚拟】
2. should do
3. were to do
有固定公式之类的吗