Mars, also known as the "Red Planet," has two irregularly shaped natural satellites: Phobos and Deimos, which are believed to be captured asteroids. These moons are occasionally visible to the naked eye on Earth, reaching a brightness of -2.9, only slightly dimmer than Venus, the Moon, and the Sun. However, during most periods, Mars appears darker than Jupiter.
The name "Mars," derived from the Roman god of war, Mars, symbolizes its fiery red hue. In ancient Egypt, it was revered as a deity associated with agriculture, while the Greeks named it Ares, and the Romans adopted this name as "Mars." In Norse mythology, Mars was identified with the war god Tyr, and the month of March carries its name in tribute to the planet.
In China, Mars was historically called "Fen Hu," signifying its flickering red light, which resembled fire, and its movement across the sky, sometimes east to west and sometimes west to east, causing confusion and uncertainty. This led to the term "Fen Hu," evoking the description, "flickering firelight, disorienting confusion."
火星（Mars）是太阳系八大行星之一，是太阳系由内往外数的第四颗行星，属于类地行星，直径约为地球的一半，自转轴倾角、自转周期均与地球相近，公转一周约为地球公转时间的两倍。在西方称为“战神玛尔斯”，中国则称为“荧惑”。橘红色外表是因为地表的赤铁矿（氧化铁）。火星基本上是沙漠行星，地表沙丘、砾石遍布，没有稳定的液态水体。二氧化碳为主的大气既稀薄又寒冷，沙尘悬浮其中，每年常有尘暴发生。火星两极皆有水冰与干冰组成的极冠，会随着季节消长。