å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼
1 ä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯
1) å¨è¯+ ä¸å®å¼
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举ä¾ï¼
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
å¸æºæ²¡è½åæ¶çè§å¦ä¸è¾è½¦ã
I happen to know the answer to your question.
æ碰巧ç¥éä½ é£éé®é¢ççæ¡ã
2ï¼å¨è¯+ä¸å®å¼ ï¼ å¨è¯+宾è¯+ä¸å®å¼
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wishâ¦
I like to keep everything tidy. æå欢æ¯ä»¶ä¸è¥¿é½ä¿ææ´æ´ã
I like you to keep everything tidy. æåæ¬¢ä½ å¹´ä½¿æ¯ä»¶ä¸è¥¿é½ä¿ææ´æ´ã
I want to speak to Tom. ææ³å汤å§è°è¯ã
I want you to speak to Tom. ææ³è®©ä½ å汤å§è°è¯ã
3ï¼ å¨è¯+çé®è¯+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请æ¼ç¤ºç»æ们å¦ä½å»åã
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.æè¿ä¹å¤çå½é³æºï¼æé½æ¿ä¸å®ä¸»æä¹°åªä¸ç§ã
注æ:çé®è¯å¸¦ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥ä¸ä½æåæ¶ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨åæ°ã
The question is how to put it into practice.
é®é¢æ¯ææ ·æå®ä»è¯¸å®æ½ã
2 ä¸å®å¼ä½è¡¥è¯
1) å¨è¯+宾è¯+ä¸å®å¼(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
ä¾å¥ï¼
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
ç¶äº²ä¸è®©æ们å¨è¡ä¸ç©èã
b. We believe him to be guilty.
æ们ç¸ä¿¡ä»æ¯æ罪çã
Find çç¹æ®ç¨æ³ï¼
Find åå¯ç¨åè¯å宾补ï¼æå
å å½¢å¼å®¾è¯ï¼åå 形容è¯ï¼æåå 带to çå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ãfindåä¹å¯å¸¦ä¸ä¸ªä»å¥ãæ¤ç±»å¨è¯è¿ægetï¼haveã
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
å
¸åä¾é¢:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bedï¼dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
çæ¡ï¼A.findç宾è¯åé¢ï¼ç¨åè¯æåè¯çè¯ï¼èµ·å®¾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯ä½ç¨ãç°å¨åè¯è¡¨è¾¾ä¸»å¨ï¼ä¹è¡¨è¾¾æ£å¨è¿è¡ï¼è¿å»åè¯è¡¨è¾¾è¢«å¨ã
2) to + be çä¸å®å¼ç»æï¼ä½è¡¥è¯çå¨è¯ã
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设æ³), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(ç解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
æ们认为汤å§æ¯çä¸æ好çå¦çä¹ä¸ã
å
¸åä¾é¢
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
çæ¡ï¼A. ç±consider to do sth. æé¤BãDã. æ¤å¥åªè¯´æåæè¿ä¸ä¸ªäºå®ï¼ä¸å®å¼åç¨åå½¢å³å¯ãèC为ç°å¨å®ææ¶ï¼åæ为ç¹å¨è¯ä¸è¬ä¸ç¨å®ææ¶ï¼ä¸æ¤å¤ä¹ä¸å¼ºè°å¯¹ç°å¨çå½±åï¼å æ¤ä¸éCã
3) to be +形容è¯
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, meanâ¦
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为è¿æ¬ä¹¦æ²¡ä»ä¹ææã
4) there be+ä¸å®å¼
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.æ们没æå°ä¼æé£ä¹å¤äººå¨åªéã
注æ ï¼ æäºå¨è¯éç¨as çè¯åè¡¥è¯ï¼å¦regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. æ们认为汤å§æ¯æ们æ好çèå¸ã
Mary took him as her father . ç丽æä»å½ä½èªå·±çç¶äº²ã
3 ä¸å®å¼ä¸»è¯
1ï¼ It's easy (for me) to do that.æåè¿äºå¤ªå®¹æäº
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
å¬å°ä½ ç声é³çé«å
´ã
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
å½ä½ ä¸ç¨è½¦çæ¶åï¼é车æ¯æå¿
è¦çã
2) It's very kind of you to help us. ä»å¸®å©æ们ï¼ä»ç好ã
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(èèå¨å°ç), silly, selfish(èªç§ç)
ä¾å¥:
It was silly of us to believe him. æ们çæè ¢ï¼ç«ç¶ç¸ä¿¡äºä»ã
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. ä»ä¸ç»ä»ä»¬ä»»ä½ä¸è¥¿ï¼è¿æ¾å¾å¤ªèªç§äºã
注æï¼1) å
¶ä»ç³»å¨è¯å¦ï¼lookï¼appearçä¹å¯ç¨äºæ¤å¥å
2) ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸ºå¥åæåæ¶ï¼å¨è¯ç¨åæ°å½¢å¼ã
3) å½ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸»è¯çå¥åä¸åæä¸ä¸ªä¸å®å¼ä½è¡¨è¯æ¶ï¼ä¸è½ç¨It is⦠toâ¦çå¥å
(对)To see is to believe. ç¾é»ä¸å¦ä¸è§ã
(é)It is to believe to see.
4 It's for sb.å It's of sb.
1ï¼for sb. 常ç¨äºè¡¨ç¤ºäºç©çç¹å¾ç¹ç¹ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºå®¢è§å½¢å¼ç形容è¯ï¼å¦easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossibleçï¼
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对ä»æ¥è¯´å¦ä¸¤é¨å¤è¯æ¯å¾é¾çã
2ï¼of sbçå¥åä¸è¬ç¨è¡¨ç¤ºäººç©çæ§æ ¼ï¼åå¾·ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºä¸»è§ææ
ææ度ç形容è¯ï¼å¦good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rightã
It's very nice of you to help me. ä½ æ¥å¸®å©æï¼ä½ çæ¯å¤ªå¥½äºã
for ä¸of ç辨å«æ¹æ³ï¼
ç¨ä»è¯åé¢ç代è¯ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼ç¨ä»è¯åè¾¹ç形容è¯ä½è¡¨è¯ï¼é 个å¥åãå¦æéçä¸é顺ç¨ofï¼ä¸éåç¨forãå¦ï¼
You are nice. (é顺ï¼æ以åºç¨of)ã
He is hard. (人æ¯å°é¾çï¼ä¸éï¼å æ¤åºç¨forã)
5 ä¸å®å¼ä½è¡¨è¯
ä¸å®å¼å¯æ¾å¨beå¨è¯åé¢ï¼å½¢æ表è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
.6 ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯
ä¸å®å¼åå®è¯é常è¦æ¾å¨è¢«ä¿®é¥°çè¯åãä¾å¦ï¼
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light
.7 ä¸å®å¼ä½ç¶è¯
1ï¼ç®çç¶è¯
To⦠only to (ä»
ä»
为äº), in order to, so as to, so(such)⦠as to⦠(å¦æ¤â¦â¦ä»¥ä¾¿â¦â¦)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. ä»é£å¿«å°è·ä»¥ä¾¿èµ¶ä¸ç¬¬ä¸ç车ã
I come here only to say good-bye to you. ææ¥ä»
ä»
æ¯åä½ åå«ã
2ï¼ä½ç»æç¶è¯ï¼è¡¨äºå
没æé¢æå°çï¼è¦æ¾å¨å¥ååé¢ã
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表åå
I'm glad to see you.
å
¸åä¾é¢
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
çæ¡ï¼B. å¦æä¸å®å¼ä¸ºä¸åç©å¨è¯ï¼å
¶ååºæå¿
è¦çä»è¯ãå½å¨è¯ä¸ä»è¯è¿ç¨æ¶ï¼å¸¸ä½äº"形容è¯+å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼"ç»æçæ«å°¾ã
8 ç¨ä½ä»è¯çto
to æ两ç§ç¨æ³ï¼ ä¸ä¸ºä¸å®å¼+å¨è¯åå½¢ï¼ ä¸ä¸ºä»è¯+åè¯/å¨åè¯, to å¨ä¸é¢çç¨æ³ä¸æ¯ç¬¬äºç§ï¼å³to+ åè¯/å¨åè¯ï¼
admit toæ¿è®¤ï¼ confess toæ¿è®¤ï¼
be accustomed to ä¹ æ¯äºï¼ be used to ä¹ æ¯äºï¼ stick to åæï¼ turn toå¼å§ï¼çæäºï¼ devote oneself to ç®èº«äºï¼ be devoted to è´åäºï¼ look forward to ç¼æï¼ pay attention to 注æ
9 çto çå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼
1ï¼ æ
æå¨è¯ ( é¤ought å¤ï¼ought to)ï¼
2ï¼ ä½¿å½¹å¨è¯ let, have, makeï¼
3ï¼ æå®å¨è¯ see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find çåä½å®¾è¡¥ï¼çç¥toã
注æï¼å¨è¢«å¨è¯æä¸åto ä¸è½çæã
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4ï¼ would ratherï¼had betterï¼
5ï¼ Why⦠/ why notâ¦ï¼
6ï¼ help å¯å¸¦toï¼ä¹å¯ä¸å¸¦to, help sb (to) do sthï¼
7ï¼ butåexceptï¼butåæ¯å¨è¯doæ¶ï¼åé¢åºç°çå¨è¯ç¨ä¸å¸¦toçå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ã
8ï¼ ç±and, oråthanè¿æ¥ç两个ä¸å®å¼ï¼ç¬¬äºä¸ªto å¯ä»¥çå»ï¼
9ï¼ é常å¨discover, imagine, suppose, think, understandçè¯åï¼å¯ä»¥çå»to beï¼
He is supposed (to be) nice. ä»åºè¯¥æ¯ä¸ªå¥½äººã
举ä¾ï¼
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
æ¯è¾ï¼ He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
å
¸åä¾é¢
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
çæ¡ï¼D. why not åé¢æ¥ä¸å¸¦to çä¸å®å¼ï¼å æ¤éDã
2ï¼ Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
çæ¡ï¼B. makeåæ¥ä¸å¸¦to çå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ï¼å½å
¶ç¨äºè¢«å¨æ¶ï¼to ä¸å¯çç¥ã
10 å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼çå¦å®å¼
Tell him not to shut the windowâ¦
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. æèµ°è¿çæ¶åï¼å¥¹åè£
没çè§ã
å
¸åä¾é¢
1ï¼Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
çæ¡ï¼Bã tell sb to do sth çå¦å®å½¢å¼ä¸ºtell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
çæ¡ï¼Aã pretend ååºæ¥ä¸å®å¼ãå
¶å¦å®å½¢å¼ä¸ºpretend not to do sth.ã
3ï¼Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
çæ¡ï¼Aãwarn sb to do sth. çå¦å®å½¢å¼ä¸ºwarn sb not to do sth. æ¤å¤ç¨çæ¯å¦å®è¯never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the streetï¼but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
çæ¡ï¼Aãnot to 为not to do it ççç¥å½¢å¼ãå¯ä»¥åªç¨toè¿ä¸ªè¯ï¼èä¸å¿
éå¤æ´ä¸ªä¸å®å¼è¯ç»ãåç©å¨è¯doååºæåè¯ã代è¯çï¼å¦åä¸å¯¹ï¼å æ¤Bï¼Dä¸å¯¹ã
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
çæ¡ï¼Cãwarnä¸è¯è¦æ±åç¨ä¸å®å¼ï¼æ¤å¤ä¸ºä¸å®å¼ç被å¨ï¼å¦å®å½¢å¼ä¸ºbe warned not to doã
11 ä¸å®å¼çç¹æ®å¥åtooâ¦toâ¦
1ï¼tooâ¦to 太â¦ä»¥è³äºâ¦
He is too excited to speak.
ä»å¤ªæ¿å¨äºï¼è¯´ä¸åºè¯æ¥ã
---- Can I help you ? éè¦æ帮å¿å?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. ä¸ç¨äºãè¿ç®±å太éï¼ææä½ æ¬ä¸å¨ã谢谢æ¨ã
2) å¦å¨tooåæå¦å®è¯ï¼åæ´ä¸ªå¥åç¨å¦å®è¯è¡¨è¾¾è¯å®ï¼ too åé£ä¸ªè¯è¡¨è¾¾ä¸ç§å§å©å«ä¹ï¼æ 为"ä¸å¤ª"ã
It's never too late to mend. (è°è¯)
æ¹è¿ä¸å«æã
3) å½too åé¢æonly, all, butæ¶ï¼æææ¯ï¼é常⦠çäºveryã
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. æé常é«å
´è½å¸®å©ä½ ã
He was but too eager to get home. ä»é常æ³å家ã
12 ä¸å®å¼çç¹æ®å¥åso as to
1ï¼ è¡¨ç¤ºç®çï¼å®çå¦å®å¼æ¯so as not to doã
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤å§å¯¹äºæ
ä¿ææ²é»æ¯ä¸ºäºä¸ä¸¢æä»çå·¥ä½ã
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
è½»ç¹è¿å»ï¼å«æéäºå©´å¿ã
2) so kind as to ---å³é©¾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
å³é©¾ï¼ç°å¨å ç¹äºã
13 ä¸å®å¼çç¹æ®å¥åWhy not
"Why not +å¨è¯åå½¢"表达åæ人æåºå»ºè®®ï¼ç¿»è¯ä¸ºï¼"为ä»ä¹ä¸â¦â¦?" "å¹²åä¸â¦â¦?"
ä¾å¦ï¼
Why not take a holiday?
å¹²åä¸å»åº¦å?
14 ä¸å®å¼çæ¶æåè¯æ
æ¶æ\è¯æ ä¸»å¨ è¢«å¨
ä¸è¬å¼ to do to be done
è¿è¡å¼ to be doing
å®æå¼ to have done to have been done
å®æè¿è¡å¼ to have been doing
1) ç°å¨æ¶ï¼ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨è¯ï¼ææ¶ä¸è°è¯å¨è¯è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½åæ¶åçï¼ææ¶åçå¨è°è¯å¨è¯çå¨ä½ä¹åã
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. æå¸æåè§å°ä½ ã
2) å®ææ¶ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½åçå¨è°è¯å¨è¯è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½ä¹åã
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) è¿è¡æ¶ï¼ 表示å¨ä½æ£å¨è¿è¡ï¼ä¸è°è¯å¨è¯è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½åæ¶åçã
He seems to be eating something.
4) å®æè¿è¡æ¶ï¼
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
15 å¨åè¯ä¸ä¸å®å¼
1ï¼ å¨åè¯ä¸ä¸å®å¼çåºå«ï¼
å¨åè¯è¡¨è¾¾çæ¯ï¼ ç¶æï¼æ§è´¨ï¼å¿å¢ï¼æ½è±¡ï¼ç»å¸¸æ§ï¼å·²åçç
ä¸å®å¼è¡¨è¾¾çæ¯ï¼ ç®çï¼ç»æï¼åå ï¼å
·ä½ï¼ä¸æ¬¡æ§ï¼å°åçç
2ï¼ æ¥ä¸å®å¼æå¨åè¯ï¼æä¹ç¸åã
3ï¼ å¨åè¯ä¸ä¸å®å¼è¯ä¹ä¸åçæ11 ç»ï¼
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
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